Khan Adeel Ahmed, Lodhi Fahad Saqib, Rabbani Unaib, Ahmed Zeeshan, Abrar Saidul, Arshad Saamia, Irum Saadia, Khan Muhammad Imran
Saudi Board Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Community Medicine, Women Medical and Dental College Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 12;11:564364. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.564364. eCollection 2020.
In order to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the countries took preventive measures such as lockdown and restrictions of movements. This can lead to effects on mental health of the population. We studied the impact of COVID-19 on psychological well-being and associated factors among the Pakistani general population. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between 26th April and 15th May and included participants from all over the Pakistan. Attitudes and worriedness about COVID-19 pandemic were assessed using a structured questionnaire. A validated English and Urdu version of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) was used to assess the well-being. Factor analysis was done to extract the attitude item domains. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with poor well-being. A total of 1,756 people participated in the survey. Almost half 50% of the participants were male, and a similar proportion was employed. About 41% of the participants were dependent on financial sources other than salary. News was considered a source of fear as 72% assumed that avoiding such news may reduce the fear. About 68% of the population was worried about contracting the disease. The most common coping strategies used during lockdown were spending quality time with family, eating healthy food, adequate sleep, and talking to friends on phone. Prevalence of poor well-being was found to be 41.2%. Female gender, being unemployed, living in Sindh and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), fear of COVID-19, and having chronic illness were significantly associated with poor well-being. Similarly, coping strategies during lockdown (doing exercise; spending time with family; eating healthy food; having good sleep; contributing in social welfare work and spending time on hobbies) were also significantly associated with mental well-being. We found a high prevalence 41.2% of poor well-being among the Pakistani general population. We also investigated risk factors of poor well-being which included female gender, unemployment, being resident of ICT and Sindh, fear, chronic illness, and absence of coping strategies. This calls for immediate action at population level in the form of targeted mass psychological support programs to improve the mental health of population during the COVID-19 crises.
为遏制2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的传播，各国采取了封锁和限制行动等预防措施。这可能会对民众的心理健康产生影响。我们研究了COVID-19对巴基斯坦普通民众心理健康及相关因素的影响。于4月26日至5月15日进行了一项在线横断面调查，参与者来自巴基斯坦各地。使用结构化问卷评估对COVID-19大流行的态度和担忧程度。采用经过验证的世界卫生组织幸福指数（WHO-5）的英文和乌尔都语版本来评估幸福感。进行因子分析以提取态度项目领域。使用逻辑回归评估与幸福感差相关的因素。共有1756人参与了调查。近一半（50%）的参与者为男性，就业比例相近。约41%的参与者依赖工资以外的经济来源。新闻被视为恐惧的来源，因为72%的人认为避免此类新闻可能会减少恐惧。约68%的民众担心感染该疾病。封锁期间最常用的应对策略是与家人共度美好时光、食用健康食品、充足睡眠以及与朋友电话交谈。幸福感差的患病率为41.2%。女性、失业、居住在信德省和伊斯兰堡首都地区（ICT）、对COVID-19的恐惧以及患有慢性病与幸福感差显著相关。同样，封锁期间的应对策略（锻炼；与家人共度时光；食用健康食品；良好睡眠；参与社会福利工作以及从事业余爱好）也与心理健康显著相关。我们发现巴基斯坦普通民众中幸福感差的患病率很高（41.2%）。我们还调查了幸福感差的风险因素，包括女性、失业、居住在ICT和信德省、恐惧、慢性病以及缺乏应对策略。这就要求在人群层面立即采取行动，开展有针对性的大规模心理支持项目，以在COVID-19危机期间改善民众的心理健康。
