埃及儿童先天性心脏病模式：一项为期3年的回顾性研究。
Pattern of congenital heart disease among Egyptian children: a 3-year retrospective study.
作者信息
Al-Fahham Marwa Moustapha, Ali Yasmin Abdelrazek
机构信息
Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Al-Salam International Hospital/Doctor Residency Building, P.O. Box 11023, Bneid Al Gar, Kuwait.
出版信息
Egypt Heart J. 2021 Jan 29;73(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s43044-021-00133-0.
BACKGROUND
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial birth defect which has variable demographic characteristics among children in different geographical areas. This study aimed to detect the distribution of demographic data, perinatal risk factors, types, age, and mode of presentation of CHD among Egyptian children.
RESULTS
The medical records of 1005 patients were included. They were 545 males (54%) and 462 females (46%) with a ratio of 1.2:1. Acyanotic CHD was encountered in 79.2%. Isolated ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot were the most common acyanotic and cyanotic lesions, respectively. The majority was diagnosed within the first year of life (86.7%) and was born to young mothers (91.3%). The accidental discovery of a murmur was the most frequent presentation (35%). Heart failure was detected in 44%, audible murmurs in 74.4%, maternal illnesses in 54%, consanguinity in 44.6%, prematurity in 19.3%, assisted reproduction in 11.7%, family history of CHD in 9.2%, abortions in 7.1%, and extracardiac anomalies in 3.6% of the studied population. Down syndrome (DS) was the most commonly occurring chromosomal anomaly, and the atrioventricular septal defect was the most characteristic cardiac lesion found among them.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no sex predilection among Egyptian children with CHD. Most of the cases are diagnosed in early infancy. Accidental discovery of a murmur is the most common mode of presentation. A variety of predisposing risk factors are abundant in the Egyptian population. DS is the most common chromosomal anomaly linked to CHD. Establishment of a national medical birth registry containing all information about all births in Egypt is needed for adequate surveillance and monitoring of perinatal health problems and congenital birth defects so that preventive measures can be early implemented. Proper and detailed data collection should be fulfilled in the medical records of every single patient.
背景
先天性心脏病（CHD）是一种多因素导致的出生缺陷，在不同地理区域的儿童中具有不同的人口统计学特征。本研究旨在检测埃及儿童先天性心脏病的人口统计学数据分布、围产期危险因素、类型、年龄及临床表现方式。
结果
纳入了1005例患者的病历。其中男性545例（54%），女性462例（46%），男女比例为1.2:1。79.2%的患者为无青紫型先天性心脏病。最常见的无青紫型和青紫型病变分别为孤立性室间隔缺损和法洛四联症。大多数患者在出生后第一年内被诊断（86.7%），且母亲多较为年轻（91.3%）。最常见的临床表现是偶然发现心脏杂音（35%）。在研究人群中，44%的患者出现心力衰竭，74.4%可闻及心脏杂音，54%的患者母亲有疾病史，44.6%有近亲结婚史，19.3%为早产，11.7%为辅助生殖，9.2%有先天性心脏病家族史，7.1%有流产史，3.6%有心脏外异常。唐氏综合征（DS）是最常见的染色体异常，房室间隔缺损是其中最具特征性的心脏病变。
结论
埃及先天性心脏病儿童无性别倾向。大多数病例在婴儿早期被诊断。偶然发现心脏杂音是最常见的临床表现方式。埃及人群中存在多种易患危险因素。唐氏综合征是与先天性心脏病相关的最常见染色体异常。为了对围产期健康问题和先天性出生缺陷进行充分的监测和监控，以便能够尽早实施预防措施，需要建立一个包含埃及所有出生信息的国家医疗出生登记系统。应对每一位患者的病历进行适当且详细的数据收集。
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