Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Life Sci. 2021 Nov 1;284:119132. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4CD25FoxP3 regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
尽管在治疗各种癌症方面取得了进展，但前列腺癌仍是男性最致命的疾病之一。全身性治疗，如去势治疗、化疗和放射治疗，在治疗这种疾病方面并不是非常成功。大量研究表明，癌症的进展与抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应之间存在直接关系，这可能导致各种恶性肿瘤的进展，包括前列腺癌。有趣的是，CD4CD25FoxP3 调节性 T 细胞在患有前列腺癌和其他实体瘤的患者的引流淋巴结和 PBMC 中显著积聚和增加。体内和体外研究表明，Tregs 可以抑制抗肿瘤反应，这与癌症复发的风险增加直接相关。Tregs 对于维持自身耐受和抑制对宿主有害的额外免疫反应至关重要。由于肿瘤相关抗原主要是自身抗原，Tregs 可能在肿瘤进展中发挥主要作用。因此，人们发现，Tregs 较高的前列腺癌患者预后较差，生存率较低。然而，通过使用针对 CD25 和 CTLA-4 的单克隆抗体抑制 Tregs，可以增强抗肿瘤反应。因此，耗尽 Tregs 或抑制其功能可能是前列腺癌免疫治疗的有效方法之一。本综述的目的是研究 Treg 细胞在前列腺癌进展中的作用，并评估通过调节 Treg 细胞治疗前列腺癌的有效策略。
