LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 May 5;409:124998. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124998. Epub 2020 Dec 31.
Recycling end-of-life tires (ELTs) reduces waste and provides a low-cost source of energy and materials such as crumb rubber, used as infill in artificial turf football pitches. However, some concerns were raised and remain about its safety. The potentially toxic human exposure to chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and others (volatile organic compounds (VOCs), plasticizers, antioxidants and additives) existing in ELTs (and in the resulting crumb rubber) is being studied, with no definitive conclusions. The literature existing so far suggests the possibility of their release from synthetic turf infill into the environment as water leachates and to the air surrounding the pitches, but there is the need of further research, also to assess the contribution of other materials present in synthetic turf. The database available comprised crumb rubber infill studies from pitches in 6 countries (USA, Norway, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy, Spain) and revealed a myriad of hazardous chemicals, with benzo[a]pyrene (n.d.-4.31 ± 3.95 mg/kg) and zinc (n.d.-14150 ± 1344 mg/kg) often exceeding the established limits. A dependence on indoor/outdoor conditions and the age of the source material was evaluated, often showing significative differences. From this standpoint, this review is intended to add knowledge about the presence of contaminants in this recycled material, aiming to ensure the safety of end-users and the environment.
回收废旧轮胎 (ELTs) 可减少浪费，并提供廉价的能源和材料来源，如橡胶颗粒，可用于人造草坪足球场的填充。然而，人们对其安全性仍存在一些担忧。目前正在研究存在于 ELTs（和由此产生的橡胶颗粒）中的化学物质，如多环芳烃 (PAHs)、金属和其他物质（挥发性有机化合物 (VOCs)、增塑剂、抗氧化剂和添加剂）对人体的潜在毒性暴露，尚未得出明确结论。迄今为止的文献表明，它们有可能从合成草坪填充材料中释放到环境中，作为水浸出物，并释放到球场周围的空气中，但需要进一步研究，以评估合成草坪中其他材料的贡献。现有的数据库包括来自 6 个国家（美国、挪威、荷兰、葡萄牙、意大利、西班牙）的球场用橡胶颗粒填充研究，揭示了无数的有害化学物质，其中苯并[a]芘 (n.d.-4.31 ± 3.95 mg/kg) 和锌 (n.d.-14150 ± 1344 mg/kg) 经常超过既定的限制。评估了对室内/室外条件和源材料年龄的依赖关系，经常显示出显著的差异。从这个角度来看，本综述旨在增加有关这种回收材料中污染物存在的知识，旨在确保最终用户和环境的安全。
