Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, E-15782, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Agronomic and Agrarian Research Centre (INGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, 15080, A Coruña, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2018 Mar;195:201-211. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.063. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
Due to the high concern generated in the last years about the safety of recycled tire rubber used for recreational sports surfaces, this study aims at evaluating the presence of forty organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, adipates, vulcanisation additives and antioxidants in recycled tire crumb of synthetic turf football fields. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) was successfully employed to extract the target compounds from the crumb rubber, and analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The transfer of the target chemicals from the crumb rubber to the runoff water and to the air above the rubber surface has also been evaluated employing solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Samples from fifteen football fields were analysed, and the results revealed the presence of 24 of the 40 target compounds, including 14 of the 16 EPA PAHs, with total concentrations up to 50 μg g. Heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb were also found. A partial transfer of organic compounds to the air and runoff water was also demonstrated. The analysis of rain water collected directly from the football field, showed the presence of a high number of the target compounds at concentrations reaching above 100 μg L. The environmental risk arising from the burning of crumb rubber tires has been assessed, as well, analysing the crumb rubber, and the air and water in contact with this material, showing a substantial increase both of the number and concentration of the hazardous chemicals.
由于近年来人们对用于休闲运动表面的再生轮胎橡胶的安全性高度关注，本研究旨在评估合成草坪足球场再生轮胎碎屑中 40 种有机化合物的存在情况，包括多环芳烃（PAHs）、邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、硫化添加剂和抗氧化剂。超声辅助提取（UAE）成功地从橡胶碎屑中提取了目标化合物，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）进行了分析。还采用固相微萃取（SPME）评估了目标化学物质从碎屑橡胶转移到径流水中以及橡胶表面上方空气中的情况。对 15 个足球场的样本进行了分析，结果显示，在所检测的 40 种目标化合物中，有 24 种存在，其中包括 16 种 EPA PAHs，总浓度高达 50μg/g。还发现了镉、铬和铅等重金属。还证明了部分有机化合物向空气和径流水中的转移。对直接从足球场收集的雨水进行分析，结果表明，目标化合物的数量很多，浓度达到 100μg/L 以上。还对碎屑橡胶轮胎燃烧产生的环境风险进行了评估，分析了碎屑橡胶以及与这种材料接触的空气和水，结果表明，危险化学品的数量和浓度都有实质性增加。
