Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 27;18(3):1103. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031103.
According to classic Hirschfeld studies, the first teeth to be lost are the first and second maxillary molars. After the teeth are extracted and the alveolar process is developed, the maxillary sinus is reabsorbed and pneumatized with a decrease in bone availability in the posterior sector of the maxilla. This process often creates the need to perform regeneration techniques for the placement of implants in this area due to the low availability of bone. The most frequently used and documented technique for the elevation of the sinus maxillary floor is elevation by the side window, as proposed by Tatum. In 1994, Summers proposed a technique that allowed the elevation of the sinus floor from a crestal access using an instrument called an osteotome, as well as the placement of the implant in the same surgical act. The aimed of the study was to evaluate the survival of 32 implants placed in posterior maxilla with bone availability less than 5 mm performing a sinus lift augmentation technique with osteotome without biomaterials. The results of this study show a survival rate of 100% for 32 implants placed in situations with an initial bone availability of 2 to 5 mm without the use of graft material. The infra-drilling technique used offers an increase in the primary stability of implants that allows adequate osteointegration Implants placed were charged at 12 weeks. In all cases, spontaneous bone formation was observed, even in cases where a positive Valsalva maneuver was observed. This proposed technique reduces treatment time and the need for more invasive maxillary sinus augmentation techniques.
根据经典的 Hirschfeld 研究，最先脱落的牙齿是上颌第一和第二磨牙。拔牙后，牙槽骨发育，上颌窦被吸收并发生气腔化，上颌后区的骨量减少。由于骨量不足，这个过程通常需要进行再生技术，以便在该区域植入种植体。最常使用和记录的上颌窦底提升技术是 Tatum 提出的侧壁开窗提升术。1994 年，Summers 提出了一种技术，该技术允许使用称为骨凿的器械从牙槽嵴顶进入来提升窦底，并在同一手术中植入种植体。本研究的目的是评估在骨量小于 5mm 的情况下，使用无生物材料的骨凿窦提升技术，在后上颌放置 32 个种植体的存活率。本研究结果显示，在初始骨量为 2 至 5mm 的情况下，不使用移植物材料，32 个种植体的存活率为 100%。使用的亚钻孔技术为植入物提供了更高的初始稳定性，从而允许进行充分的骨整合。植入物在 12 周时进行充电。在所有情况下，均观察到了自发性骨形成，即使在观察到阳性瓦尔萨尔瓦动作的情况下也是如此。该技术减少了治疗时间和对更具侵入性的上颌窦提升技术的需求。
