Santamaria-Echart Arantzazu, Fernandes Isabel, Barreiro Filomena, Corcuera Maria Angeles, Eceiza Arantxa
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jan 27;13(3):409. doi: 10.3390/polym13030409.
Polyurethanes and polyurethane-ureas, particularly their water-based dispersions, have gained relevance as an extremely versatile area based on environmentally friendly approaches. The evolution of their synthesis methods, and the nature of the reactants (or compounds involved in the process) towards increasingly sustainable pathways, has positioned these dispersions as a relevant and essential product for diverse application frameworks. Therefore, in this work, it is intended to show the progress in the field of polyurethane and polyurethane-urea dispersions over decades, since their initial synthesis approaches. Thus, the review covers from the basic concepts of polyurethane chemistry to the evolution of the dispersion's preparation strategies. Moreover, an analysis of the recent trends of using renewable reactants and enhanced green strategies, including the current legislation, directed to limit the toxicity and potentiate the sustainability of dispersions, is described. The review also highlights the strengths of the dispersions added with diverse renewable additives, namely, cellulose, starch or chitosan, providing some noteworthy results. Similarly, dispersion's potential to be processed by diverse methods is shown, evidencing, with different examples, their suitability in a variety of scenarios, outstanding their versatility even for high requirement applications.
聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲，尤其是它们的水性分散体，作为基于环保方法的极具通用性的领域已变得至关重要。它们的合成方法的演变，以及反应物（或该过程中涉及的化合物）朝着日益可持续的途径发展的性质，已将这些分散体定位为适用于各种应用框架的相关且必不可少的产品。因此，在这项工作中，旨在展示自聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲分散体最初的合成方法以来几十年里该领域的进展。因此，该综述涵盖了从聚氨酯化学的基本概念到分散体制备策略的演变。此外，还描述了对使用可再生反应物和强化绿色策略（包括现行立法）的最新趋势的分析，这些策略旨在限制毒性并增强分散体的可持续性。该综述还强调了添加各种可再生添加剂（即纤维素、淀粉或壳聚糖）的分散体的优势，提供了一些值得注意的结果。同样，展示了分散体通过多种方法进行加工的潜力，通过不同的例子证明了它们在各种场景中的适用性，突出了它们即使对于高要求应用也具有的通用性。
