University of Seville.
University of Córdoba.
Workplace Health Saf. 2021 May;69(5):198-207. doi: 10.1177/2165079920988005. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Spain hosts the fourth largest number of immigrants in Europe, resulting in a large proportion of migrant workers. To date, few studies have examined the working conditions of immigrants in Southern Spain who are known to be at risk for adverse working conditions. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of work and working conditions of immigrants living in southern Spain and to understand how these factors may affect their health.
A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted throughout 2019 and included 93 immigrants. Transcription, literal reading, and theoretical categorization were performed and a narrative content analysis was carried out.
Three themes emerged on working conditions of this study population, including social and labor-related characteristics, working conditions, and occupational health issues. Four employment sectors were most commonly occupied by these immigrants, including caregiving and food service for women and agriculture and construction for men. Most immigrants were from Latin America, unemployed or working part-time jobs, and not hired under an employment contract. Most worked in low-qualified jobs, and were exposed to occupational hazards such as falls from heights, manual handling of materials, and psychological strain. The lack of training on occupational risk prevention and labor rights was related to a low identification of work situations having a negative impact on the health of immigrants.
CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: These findings should be taken into account by the government and public health managers to provide better assistance to immigrant workers in Europe.
西班牙是欧洲拥有移民数量第四多的国家，这导致了大量的外来务工人员。到目前为止，很少有研究关注到在西班牙南部工作的移民的工作条件，这些移民的工作条件被认为存在风险。本研究旨在调查生活在西班牙南部的移民的工作模式和工作条件，并了解这些因素如何影响他们的健康。
本研究采用半结构式访谈进行定性研究，于 2019 年期间共纳入 93 名移民。我们进行了转录、逐字阅读和理论分类，并进行了叙述性内容分析。
本研究人群的工作条件出现了三个主题，包括社会和劳动关系特征、工作条件和职业健康问题。这一移民群体最常从事四个就业部门，包括女性的护理和餐饮服务以及男性的农业和建筑。大多数移民来自拉丁美洲，处于失业或兼职状态，且未签订雇佣合同。他们大多从事低技能工作，面临高处坠落、手动搬运材料和心理压力等职业危害。缺乏职业风险预防和劳动权利方面的培训，导致他们对工作环境中对健康有负面影响的情况识别不足。
结论/对实践的应用：这些发现应该引起政府和公共卫生管理者的重视，为欧洲的移民工人提供更好的帮助。
