Bocklage Lars, Gollwitzer Jakob, Strohm Cornelius, Adolff Christian F, Schlage Kai, Sergeev Ilya, Leupold Olaf, Wille Hans-Christian, Meier Guido, Röhlsberger Ralf
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2021 Jan 29;7(5). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3991. Print 2021 Jan.
Ultrafast and precise control of quantum systems at x-ray energies involves photons with oscillation periods below 1 as. Coherent dynamic control of quantum systems at these energies is one of the major challenges in hard x-ray quantum optics. Here, we demonstrate that the phase of a quantum system embedded in a solid can be coherently controlled via a quasi-particle with subattosecond accuracy. In particular, we tune the quantum phase of a collectively excited nuclear state via transient magnons with a precision of 1 zs and a timing stability below 50 ys. These small temporal shifts are monitored interferometrically via quantum beats between different hyperfine-split levels. The experiment demonstrates zeptosecond interferometry and shows that transient quasi-particles enable accurate control of quantum systems embedded in condensed matter environments.
在X射线能量下对量子系统进行超快且精确的控制涉及到振荡周期低于1阿秒的光子。在这些能量下对量子系统进行相干动态控制是硬X射线量子光学中的主要挑战之一。在此，我们证明了嵌入固体中的量子系统的相位可以通过具有亚阿秒精度的准粒子进行相干控制。具体而言，我们通过瞬态磁振子以1仄秒的精度和低于50飞秒的时间稳定性来调节集体激发核态的量子相位。这些微小的时间偏移通过不同超精细分裂能级之间的量子拍频进行干涉测量监测。该实验展示了仄秒干涉测量，并表明瞬态准粒子能够精确控制嵌入凝聚态物质环境中的量子系统。
