Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Amerimmune, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Commun Biol. 2021 Jan 29;4(1):129. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-01649-6.
Development of antibody protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pressing question for public health and for vaccine development. We developed highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and neutralization assays. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein or Nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies at titers more than 1:100,000 were detectable in all PCR+ subjects (n = 115) and were absent in the negative controls. Other isotype antibodies (IgA, IgG1-4) were also detected. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization was determined in COVID-19 and convalescent plasma at up to 10,000-fold dilution, using Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviruses, which were also blocked by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Hospitalized patients had up to 3000-fold higher antibody and neutralization titers compared to outpatients or convalescent plasma donors. Interestingly, some COVID-19 patients also possessed NAbs against SARS-CoV Spike protein pseudovirus. Together these results demonstrate the high specificity and sensitivity of our assays, which may impact understanding the quality or duration of the antibody response during COVID-19 and in determining the effectiveness of potential vaccines.
在 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间产生抗体保护作用是公共卫生和疫苗开发的一个紧迫问题。我们开发了高度敏感的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体和中和测定法。在所有 PCR+ 受试者（n=115）中均可检测到 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白或核衣壳蛋白特异性 IgG 抗体滴度超过 1:100,000，而阴性对照中则不存在。还检测到其他同种型抗体（IgA，IgG1-4）。使用 Spike 蛋白假型慢病毒，在高达 10,000 倍稀释度的情况下测定 COVID-19 和恢复期血浆中的 SARS-CoV-2 中和作用，这些慢病毒也被中和抗体（NAb）阻断。与门诊患者或恢复期血浆供体相比，住院患者的抗体和中和滴度高至 3000 倍。有趣的是，一些 COVID-19 患者还具有针对 SARS-CoV 刺突蛋白假病毒的 NAb。这些结果共同表明，我们的测定法具有很高的特异性和敏感性，这可能会影响对 COVID-19 期间抗体反应的质量或持续时间的理解，并确定潜在疫苗的有效性。
