IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
Programs in Psychology and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Neuroscience. 2022 Mar 15;486:103-125. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.027. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Detecting errors in one's own and other's actions is a crucial ability for learning and adapting behavior to everchanging, highly volatile environments. Studies in healthy people demonstrate that monitoring errors in one's own and others' actions are underpinned by specific neural systems that are dysfunctional in a variety of neurological disorders. In this review, we first briefly discuss the main findings concerning error detection and error awareness in healthy subjects, the current theoretical models, and the tasks usually applied to investigate these processes. Then, we report a systematic search for evidence of dysfunctional error monitoring among neurological populations (basal ganglia, neurodegenerative, white-matter diseases and acquired brain injury). In particular, we examine electrophysiological and behavioral evidence for specific alterations of error processing in neurological disorders. Error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude were reduced in most (although not all) neurological patient groups, whereas Positivity Error (Pe) amplitude appeared not to be affected in most patient groups. Also theta activity was reduced in some neurological groups, but consistent evidence on the oscillatory activity has not been provided thus far. Behaviorally, we did not observe relevant patterns of pronounced dysfunctional (post-) error processing. Finally, we discuss limitations of the existing literature, conclusive points, open questions and new possible methodological approaches for clinical studies.
检测自身和他人行为中的错误是学习和适应不断变化、高度不稳定环境的关键能力。在健康人群中的研究表明，监测自身和他人行为中的错误依赖于特定的神经系统，而这些系统在各种神经障碍中存在功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要讨论了关于健康受试者中错误检测和错误意识的主要发现、当前的理论模型以及通常用于研究这些过程的任务。然后，我们报告了对神经病变人群（基底神经节、神经退行性疾病、白质疾病和获得性脑损伤）中功能失调的错误监测的系统搜索。特别是，我们研究了神经障碍中错误处理的特定改变的电生理和行为证据。在大多数（尽管不是全部）神经病变患者群体中，错误相关负波（ERN）振幅降低，而在大多数患者群体中，正性错误（Pe）振幅似乎不受影响。此外，一些神经病变群体中的θ活动减少，但迄今为止尚未提供关于振荡活动的一致证据。行为上，我们没有观察到明显的功能失调（后）错误处理的相关模式。最后，我们讨论了现有文献的局限性、结论性观点、悬而未决的问题以及新的可能的临床研究方法。
