Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
Fujian Sunzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., Guangze 354100, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
Poult Sci. 2021 Feb;100(2):461-466. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.028. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Feed consumption represents a major cost in poultry production and improving feed efficiency is one of the important goals in breeding strategies. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between feed efficiency and relevant traits and find the proper selection method for improving feed efficiency by using the Northeast Agricultural University High and Low Fat broiler lines that were divergently selected for abdominal fat content. A total of 899 birds were used to measure the feed intake (FI), abdominal fat weight (AFW), and body weight traits. The abdominal fat percentage (AFP), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the residual feed intake (RFI) were calculated for each individual broiler. The differences in the AFW, AFP, and in traits relevant to feed efficiency, such as FCR and RFI, between the fat line and the lean line were analyzed, and the genetic parameters were estimated for AFW, AFP, and feed efficiency relevant traits. The results showed that AFW, AFP, body weight gain (BWG), FI, FCR, and RFI were significantly higher in the fat line compared with the lean line. The heritability of FI, BWG, FCR, RFI, AFW, and AFP were 0.45, 0.28, 0.36, 0.38, 0.33, and 0.30, respectively. Both FCR and RFI showed high positive genetic correlations with FI, AFW, and AFP and relatively low, negative genetic correlations with BWG. The RFI showed much higher positive genetic correlation with the abdominal fat traits than FCR. In addition, the FCR showed negative genetic correlation with body weight of 4 wk (BW4) and 7 wk (BW7), whereas RFI showed positive genetic correlation with BW4 and BW7. The results showed that both RFI and FCR could be used for improving feed efficiency. When selecting against RFI, the AFP could be significantly reduced, and by selecting against FCR, the body weight could be improved simultaneously.
饲料消耗是家禽生产的主要成本之一，提高饲料效率是育种策略的重要目标之一。本研究旨在通过对东北农业大学高、低脂肉鸡品系进行分析，以腹脂含量为选择指标，探讨饲料效率与相关性状的关系，寻找提高饲料效率的合适选择方法。本研究共选用 899 只鸡，测定采食量（FI）、腹脂重（AFW）和体重性状。计算每个个体肉鸡的腹脂率（AFP）、饲料转化率（FCR）和剩余饲料摄入量（RFI）。分析了脂品系和瘦品系之间的 AFW、AFP 以及与饲料效率相关的性状（如 FCR 和 RFI）的差异，并估计了 AFW、AFP 和与饲料效率相关的性状的遗传参数。结果表明，脂品系的 AFW、AFP、体重增加（BWG）、FI、FCR 和 RFI 均显著高于瘦品系。FI、BWG、FCR、RFI、AFW 和 AFP 的遗传力分别为 0.45、0.28、0.36、0.38、0.33 和 0.30。FCR 和 RFI 与 FI、AFW 和 AFP 均呈高度正遗传相关，与 BWG 呈较低的负遗传相关。RFI 与腹部脂肪性状的遗传相关性明显高于 FCR。此外，FCR 与 4 周龄体重（BW4）和 7 周龄体重（BW7）呈负遗传相关，而 RFI 与 BW4 和 BW7 呈正遗传相关。结果表明，RFI 和 FCR 都可以用来提高饲料效率。在选择 RFI 时，AFP 可以显著降低，而在选择 FCR 时，体重可以同时提高。
