Applied Mycology Unit, Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Centre, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
Applied Mycology Unit, Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Centre, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
Fungal Biol. 2021 Feb;125(2):103-114. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.08.006. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
Silages constitute a major component of the feed ration for dairy cows, being a potential source of mycotoxins due to the possible contamination by filamentous fungi capable of producing these toxic compounds. In this study, samples of different kinds of silages collected from farms located in four regions of Spain, were analysed to evaluate the occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and Fusarium mycotoxins. Lactic acid bacteria and fungal populations as well as pH and water activity were also studied. Penicillium, Geotrichum and Monascus were the main fungi identified in all the silages examined. The incidence of AFs was low (10 % of positive samples). Fusarium mycotoxins were detected in 40 % of the samples and fumonisins (FBs) were the most commonly detected. Maize silage was the most heavily contaminated type of silage. Levels of mycotoxins detected in positive samples did not exceed the EU guidance values. The lack of relationship between Fusarium counts and its mycotoxin concentrations suggested that mycotoxin production possibly occurred pre-ensiling or immediately post-ensiling. Outcomes showed that mould growth and mycotoxin contamination in silages should be regularly monitored in order to minimize the exposure of dairy cows to contaminated feed.
青贮饲料是奶牛饲料的主要组成部分，由于可能被能够产生这些有毒化合物的丝状真菌污染，因此是霉菌毒素的潜在来源。在这项研究中，分析了从西班牙四个地区的农场收集的不同类型青贮饲料的样本，以评估黄曲霉毒素 (AFs) 和镰刀菌霉菌毒素的发生情况。还研究了乳酸菌和真菌种群以及 pH 值和水活度。在所有检查的青贮饲料中，主要鉴定出青霉、地霉和红曲霉属真菌。AFs 的发生率较低（10%的阳性样本）。40%的样本检测到镰刀菌霉菌毒素，其中最常见的是伏马菌素 (FBs)。玉米青贮饲料是污染最严重的青贮饲料类型。在阳性样本中检测到的霉菌毒素水平没有超过欧盟指导值。镰刀菌计数与霉菌毒素浓度之间缺乏关系表明，霉菌毒素的产生可能发生在青贮前或青贮后立即。结果表明，为了最大限度地减少奶牛接触受污染饲料，应定期监测青贮饲料中的霉菌生长和霉菌毒素污染。
