Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Protection, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 29;19(8):e0309662. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309662. eCollection 2024.
Silage has been identified as a source of different microbial toxins, that may impair farm animal health and productivity as human health can also be compromised. In this sense, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of silage additives on the concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) mycotoxins and, eventually, to evaluate the hygienic quality of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage based on the concentration of them compared to control silage. This study evaluated the influence of biological and chemical additives used in six different varieties of orchardgrass silage on DON and ZEN mycotoxin contents for the first time. The content of both fusariotoxins (DON and ZEN) in fresh matter and grass silage were below the threshold stipulated by the European Commission. The concentration of DON ranges from ~21.86 to 37.26 ng/kg, ~10.21 to 15 ng/kg, ~20.72 to 29.14 ng/kg; and ZEN range from ~3.42 to 7.87 ng/kg, ~3.85 to 8.62 ng/kg and ~2.15 to 5.08 ng/kg, in control, biological and chemical silages, respectively. In general, the biological additive was more efficient for preventing DON contamination, whereas the chemical additive was more efficient for preventing ZEN contamination in grass silage. In summary, the results obtained in this work demonstrate that biological and chemical additives can inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production on Dactylis glomerata L. silage and whose use could prevent animal and human diseases.
青贮饲料已被确定为不同微生物毒素的来源，这些毒素可能会损害农场动物的健康和生产力，因为人类的健康也可能受到影响。从这个意义上说，本研究的目的是确定青贮添加剂对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）霉菌毒素浓度的影响，并最终根据它们与对照青贮相比的浓度来评估果园草（Dactylis glomerata L.）青贮的卫生质量。本研究首次评估了六种不同品种的果园草青贮中使用的生物和化学添加剂对 DON 和 ZEN 霉菌毒素含量的影响。新鲜物质和草青贮中两种镰刀菌毒素（DON 和 ZEN）的含量均低于欧盟委员会规定的阈值。DON 的浓度范围为21.86 至 37.26 ng/kg、10.21 至 15 ng/kg、20.72 至 29.14 ng/kg；ZEN 的浓度范围为3.42 至 7.87 ng/kg、3.85 至 8.62 ng/kg 和2.15 至 5.08 ng/kg，分别在对照、生物和化学青贮中。一般来说，生物添加剂更有效地防止 DON 污染，而化学添加剂更有效地防止草青贮中 ZEN 污染。总之，本工作获得的结果表明，生物和化学添加剂可以抑制 Dactylis glomerata L.青贮饲料中真菌的生长和霉菌毒素的产生，其使用可以预防动物和人类疾病。
