Hosu Mojisola Clara, Vasaikar Sandeep, Okuthe Grace Emily, Apalata Teke
Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag: X1, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha 5100, South Africa.
Int J Microbiol. 2021 Jan 5;2021:8861074. doi: 10.1155/2021/8861074. eCollection 2021.
Evaluation of resistant profiles and detection of antimicrobial-resistant genes of bacterial pathogens in the nonclinical milieu is imperative to assess the probable risk of dissemination of resistant genes in the environment. This paper sought to identify antibiotic-resistant genes in from nonclinical sources in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, and evaluate its public health implications. Samples collected from abattoir wastewater and aquatic environment were processed by membrane filtration and cultured on CHROMagarTM medium. Species identification was performed by autoSCAN-4 (Dade Behring Inc., IL). Molecular characterization of the isolates was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR) and selected isolates were further screened for the possibility of harboring antimicrobial resistance genes. Fifty-one species were recovered from abattoir wastewater and surface water samples, out of which thirty-six strains were (70.6%). The isolates demonstrated resistance to aztreonam (86.1%), ceftazidime (63.9%), piperacillin (58.3%), cefepime (55.6%), imipenem (50%), piperacillin/tazobactam (47.2%), meropenem (41.7%), and levofloxacin (30.6%). Twenty out of thirty-six displayed multidrug resistance profiles and were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) (55.6%). Most of the bacterial isolates exhibited a high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index ranging from 0.08 to 0.69 with a mean MAR index of 0.38. In the rPCR analysis of fifteen . isolates, 14 isolates (93.3%) were detected harboring , six isolates (40%) harbored , and three isolates (20%) harbored being the least occurring ESBL. Results of the current study revealed that isolates recovered from nonclinical milieu are resistant to frontline clinically relevant antipseudomonal drugs. This is concerning as it poses a risk to the environment and constitutes a public health threat. Given the public health relevance, the paper recommends monitoring of multidrug-resistant pathogens in effluent environments.
评估非临床环境中细菌病原体的耐药谱并检测其抗菌耐药基因，对于评估耐药基因在环境中传播的潜在风险至关重要。本文旨在鉴定东开普省姆塔塔非临床来源中的抗生素耐药基因，并评估其对公共卫生的影响。从屠宰场废水和水生环境中采集的样本通过膜过滤法进行处理，并在CHROMagarTM培养基上培养。通过autoSCAN-4（Dade Behring Inc., IL）进行菌种鉴定。使用实时聚合酶链反应（rPCR）对分离株进行分子特征确认，并对选定的分离株进一步筛查是否携带抗菌耐药基因。从屠宰场废水和地表水样本中分离出51株菌种，其中36株为（70.6%）。这些分离株对氨曲南（86.1%）、头孢他啶（63.9%）、哌拉西林（58.3%）、头孢吡肟（55.6%）、亚胺培南（50%）、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦（47.2%）、美罗培南（41.7%）和左氧氟沙星（30.6%）耐药。36株中有20株呈现多重耐药谱，被归类为多重耐药（MDR）（55.6%）。大多数细菌分离株表现出较高的多重抗生素耐药（MAR）指数，范围为0.08至0.69，平均MAR指数为0.38。在对15株分离株的rPCR分析中，检测到14株（93.3%）携带，6株（40%）携带，3株（20%）携带，是最少出现的超广谱β-内酰胺酶。当前研究结果表明，从非临床环境中分离出的对一线临床相关抗假单胞菌药物耐药。这令人担忧，因为它对环境构成风险并构成公共卫生威胁。鉴于其对公共卫生的相关性，本文建议监测废水环境中的多重耐药病原体。
