Shen Zhiying, Zhong Zhuqing, Xie Jianfei, Ding Siqing, Li Shougen, Li Chengyuan
Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Clinical Nursing Safety Management Reasearch Center of Central South University, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Int J Nurs Sci. 2021 Jan 10;8(1):87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.12.012. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
Correctly understanding and evaluating the level of public risk perception toward public health emergencies not only helps experts and decision-makers understand the public's preventative health behaviors to these emergencies but also enhances their risk information communication with the public. The aim of this study was to develop a risk perception scale for public health emergencies and test its validity and reliability during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Guided by the theoretical model of risk perception, an initial scale was generated through literature review, group meetings, resident interviews, and expert consultation. A pretest and item screening were then conducted to develop a formal risk perception scale for public health emergencies. Finally, the reliability and validity of the scale were validated through a questionnaire survey of 504 Chinese adults.
The final scale had 9 items. The content validity index of the scale was 0.968, and the content validity index of individual items ranged from 0.83 to 1.00. Three common factors, dread risk perception, severe risk perception, and unknown risk perception, were extracted for exploratory factor analysis, and together they explained 66.26% of the variance in the score. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had a satisfactory fit, where / = 1.384, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.989, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.028, root mean square residual (RMR) = 0.018, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.995, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.982, and non-normed fit index (NNFI) = 0.990. The correlations between dimensions ranged from 0.306 to 0.483 ( < 0.01). Cronbach's α was 0.793 for the total scale and ranged between 0.687 and 0.801 for the individual dimensions. The split-half coefficient was 0.861 for the total scale and ranged from 0.727 to 0.856 for induvial dimensions. The test-retest coefficient was 0.846 for the total scale and ranged from 0.843 to 0.868 for induvial dimensions.
The developed scale for the risk perception of public health emergencies showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity, suggesting that it is suitable for evaluating residents' risk perception of public health emergencies.
正确理解和评估公众对突发公共卫生事件的风险认知水平，不仅有助于专家和决策者了解公众针对这些事件的预防性健康行为，还能加强他们与公众之间的风险信息沟通。本研究旨在编制一份突发公共卫生事件风险认知量表，并在2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间检验其效度和信度。
以风险认知理论模型为指导，通过文献回顾、小组会议、居民访谈和专家咨询生成初始量表。然后进行预测试和项目筛选，以编制一份正式的突发公共卫生事件风险认知量表。最后，通过对504名中国成年人进行问卷调查来验证该量表的信度和效度。
最终量表有9个条目。该量表的内容效度指数为0.968，各条目内容效度指数范围为0.83至1.00。通过探索性因素分析提取了3个共同因素，即恐惧风险认知、严重风险认知和未知风险认知，它们共同解释了得分方差的66.26%。验证性因素分析表明模型拟合良好，其中χ²/df = 1.384，拟合优度指数（GFI）= 0.989，近似均方根误差（RMSEA）= 0.028，均方根残差（RMR）= 0.018，比较拟合指数（CFI）= 0.995，规范拟合指数（NFI）= 0.982，非规范拟合指数（NNFI）= 0.990。各维度之间的相关性范围为0.306至0.483（P < 0.01）。总量表的Cronbach's α为0.793，各维度的Cronbach's α范围为0.687至0.801。总量表的分半系数为0.861，各维度的分半系数范围为0.727至0.856。重测系数总量表为0.846，各维度的重测系数范围为0.843至0.868。
所编制的突发公共卫生事件风险认知量表显示出可接受的信度和效度水平，表明其适用于评估居民对突发公共卫生事件的风险认知。
