Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
N.G. Purvis Farm Inc., Robbins, NC.
J Anim Sci. 2021 Jan 1;99(1). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab008.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dose-response and supplemental effects of whey permeate on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. In experiment (exp.) 1, 1,080 pigs weaned at 6.24 kg body weight (BW) were allotted to five treatments (eight pens/treatment) with increasing levels of whey permeate in three phases (from 10% to 30%, 3% to 23%, and 0% to 9% for phase 1, 2, and 3, respectively) fed until 11 kg BW and then fed a common phase 4 diet (0% whey permeate) until 25 kg BW in a 48-d feeding trial. Feed intake and BW were measured at the end of each phase. In exp. 2, 1,200 nursery pigs at 7.50 kg BW were allotted to six treatments (10 pens/treatment) with increasing levels of whey permeate from 0% to 18.75% fed until 11 kg BW. Feed intake and BW were measured during 11 d. Six pigs per treatment (1 per pens) were euthanized to collect the jejunum to evaluate tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor-beta 1, mucin 2, histomorphology, digestive enzyme activity, crypt cell proliferation rate, and jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Data were analyzed using contrasts in the MIXED procedure and a broken-line analysis using the NLIN procedure of SAS. In exp. 1, increasing whey permeate had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on feed efficiency (G:F; maximum: 1.35 at 18.3%) in phase 1. Increasing whey permeate linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG; 292 to 327 g/d) and G:F (0.96 to 1.04) of pigs in phase 2. In exp. 2, increasing whey permeate linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG (349 to 414 g/d) and G:F (0.78 to 0.85) and linearly increased (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation rate (27.8% to 37.0%). The breakpoint from a broken-line analysis was obtained at 13.6% whey permeate for maximal G:F. Increasing whey permeate tended to change IL-8 (quadratic, P = 0.052; maximum: 223 pg/mg at 10.9%), to decrease Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes (P = 0.073, 1.59 to 1.13), to increase (P = 0.089) Bifidobacteriaceae (0.73% to 1.11%), and to decrease Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.091, 1.04% to 0.52%) and Streptococcaceae (P = 0.094, 1.50% to 0.71%) in the jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of whey permeate increased the growth of nursery pigs from 7 to 11 kg BW. Pigs grew most efficiently with 13.6% whey permeate. Improvement in growth performance is partly attributed to stimulating intestinal immune response and enterocyte proliferation with positive changes in jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs.
进行了两项实验来评估乳清渗透物对仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的剂量反应和补充作用。在实验 1 中，将 1080 头体重为 6.24kg 的断奶仔猪随机分为 5 个处理组（每个处理组 8 个栏），在三个阶段逐渐增加乳清渗透物的水平（从 10%到 30%、3%到 23%和 0%到 9%分别用于第 1、2 和 3 阶段），直至 11kgBW，然后在 48 天的饲养试验中饲喂含有 0%乳清渗透物的普通第 4 阶段日粮，直至 25kgBW。在每个阶段结束时测量采食量和 BW。在实验 2 中，将 1200 头体重为 7.50kg 的仔猪随机分为 6 个处理组（每个处理组 10 个栏），逐渐增加乳清渗透物的水平，从 0%到 18.75%，直至 11kgBW。在 11 天内测量采食量和 BW。每个处理组（每个栏 1 头）的 6 头猪被安乐死，以收集空肠来评估肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、转化生长因子-β1、粘蛋白 2、组织形态学、消化酶活性、隐窝细胞增殖率和空肠黏膜相关微生物群。使用 SAS 的 MIXED 程序中的对比和 NLIN 程序中的折线分析来分析数据。在实验 1 中，乳清渗透物的增加对第 1 阶段的饲料效率（G:F；最大：18.3%时为 1.35）有二次效应（P<0.05）。乳清渗透物的增加线性增加了第 2 阶段猪的平均日增重（ADG；从 292 到 327g/d）和 G:F（从 0.96 到 1.04）。在实验 2 中，乳清渗透物的增加线性增加了 ADG（从 349 到 414g/d）和 G:F（从 0.78 到 0.85），并线性增加了隐窝细胞增殖率（从 27.8%到 37.0%）。折线分析的断点在最大 G:F 时为 13.6%乳清渗透物。乳清渗透物的增加趋势是改变 IL-8（二次，P=0.052；最大：10.9%时为 223pg/mg），降低厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门（P=0.073，1.59 到 1.13），增加双歧杆菌科（P=0.089，0.73%到 1.11%），减少肠杆菌科（P=0.091，1.04%到 0.52%）和链球菌科（P=0.094，1.50%到 0.71%）在空肠黏膜中的含量。总之，日粮中添加乳清渗透物增加了 7 到 11kgBW 的仔猪生长。仔猪在含有 13.6%乳清渗透物的日粮中生长效率最高。生长性能的提高部分归因于刺激肠道免疫反应和肠细胞增殖，同时改善了仔猪空肠黏膜相关微生物群。
