Ramos Ari Alex, Machado Liana
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, William James Building, 275 Leith Walk, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2021 Jun;31(2):288-311. doi: 10.1007/s11065-021-09480-w. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
A previous meta-analysis demonstrated short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, considerable research on the topic that calls into question the extent of such impairments in PD has since been published. The aim of the present quantitative review was to provide the largest statistical overview on STM and WM dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), while simultaneously providing novel insights on moderating factors of effect size heterogeneity in PD. The systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Scopus and Web of Science databases allowed us to estimate 350 effect sizes from 145 empirical studies that reported STM and WM scores for patients with PD against healthy controls. The outcomes indicated general dysfunction in the visuospatial domain and poor verbal WM in PD. Subgroup analyses suggested that mild cognitive impairment is associated with STM and WM difficulties in PD. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses revealed that disease duration accounted for more than 80% of the visuospatial STM effect size variance (β = 0.136, p < .001, R = .8272), larger daily levodopa equivalent dose was associated with WM dysfunction (verbal: β = -0.001, p = .016, R = .1812; visuospatial: β = 0.003, p = .069, R = .2340), and years of education partially explained the verbal STM effect size variance (β = -0.027, p = .040, R = .1171). Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of underlying factors that influence STM and WM functioning in PD, while at the same time providing novel directions for future research.
先前的一项荟萃分析表明，帕金森病（PD）患者存在短期记忆（STM）和工作记忆（WM）功能障碍。然而，自那时以来，关于该主题的大量研究对PD患者这种损害的程度提出了质疑。本定量综述的目的是提供关于帕金森病（PD）患者STM和WM功能障碍的最大规模统计概述，同时对PD中效应大小异质性的调节因素提供新的见解。在PubMed、PsycINFO、PsycArticles、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行的系统文献检索，使我们能够从145项实证研究中估计出350个效应大小，这些研究报告了PD患者与健康对照者的STM和WM分数。结果表明，PD患者在视觉空间领域存在一般性功能障碍，言语WM较差。亚组分析表明，轻度认知障碍与PD患者的STM和WM困难有关。此外，元回归分析显示，疾病持续时间占视觉空间STM效应大小方差的80%以上（β = 0.136，p <.001，R =.8272），每日左旋多巴等效剂量越大与WM功能障碍相关（言语：β = -0.001，p =.016，R =.1812；视觉空间：β = 0.003，p =.069，R =.2340），受教育年限部分解释了言语STM效应大小方差（β = -0.027，p =.040，R =.1171）。总体而言，这些发现推进了我们对影响PD患者STM和WM功能的潜在因素的理解，同时为未来研究提供了新的方向。
