Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Post-Graduation Program of Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Academic Coordination, Medicine, Campus Chapecó, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111273. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111273. Epub 2021 Jan 30.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are highly prevalent worldwide health problems and frequently associated with severe clinical complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, stroke, and cardiac arrhythmia, among others. Despite all existing research results and reasonable speculations, knowledge about the role of purinergic system in individuals with DM and hypertension remains restricted. Purinergic signaling accounts for a complex network of receptors and extracellular enzymes responsible for the recognition and degradation of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine. The main components of this system that will be presented in this review are: P1 and P2 receptors and the enzymatic cascade composed by CD39 (NTPDase; with ATP and ADP as a substrate), CD73 (5'-nucleotidase; with AMP as a substrate), and adenosine deaminase (ADA; with adenosine as a substrate). The purinergic system has recently emerged as a central player in several physiopathological conditions, particularly those linked to inflammatory responses such as diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, the present review focuses on changes in both purinergic P1 and P2 receptor expression as well as the activities of CD39, CD73, and ADA in diabetes and hypertension conditions. It can be postulated that the manipulation of the purinergic axis at different levels can prevent or exacerbate the insurgency and evolution of diabetes and hypertension working as a compensatory mechanism.
糖尿病（DM）和高血压是全球普遍存在的健康问题，常与严重的临床并发症相关，如糖尿病性心肌病、肾病、视网膜病变、神经病、中风和心律失常等。尽管所有现有研究结果和合理推测表明，人们对嘌呤能系统在糖尿病和高血压个体中的作用的了解仍然有限。嘌呤能信号传导负责识别和降解细胞外核苷酸和腺苷的受体和细胞外酶的复杂网络。该系统的主要组成部分将在本综述中介绍：P1 和 P2 受体以及由 CD39（NTPDase；以 ATP 和 ADP 为底物）、CD73（5'-核苷酸酶；以 AMP 为底物）和腺苷脱氨酶（ADA；以腺苷为底物）组成的酶级联。嘌呤能系统最近已成为多种生理病理状况的核心参与者，特别是与炎症反应相关的状况，如糖尿病和高血压。因此，本综述重点关注糖尿病和高血压条件下嘌呤能 P1 和 P2 受体表达以及 CD39、CD73 和 ADA 的活性变化。可以假设，在不同水平上对嘌呤能轴的操纵可以预防或加剧糖尿病和高血压的发作和演变，作为一种代偿机制。
