GoConsult, Grosse Brunnenstrasse 61, 22763 Hamburg, Germany.
Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte 13e, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska ulica 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Mar;164:112046. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112046. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
During the type approval process of ballast water management systems (BWMS) performance tests need to be conducted according to the BWMS Code (previously Guidelines G8) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The shipboard tests previously included a control experiment with untreated ballast water to evaluate the BWMS performance by comparing test results of treated and untreated water. Biological results and abiotic parameters of 97 control water tests conducted during the last >10 years during ballast water uptakes and corresponding discharges were summarized. In general, a strong decline of organisms in ballast tanks was observed, especially during the first few days of the holding time. The IMO validity criteria for uptake water phytoplankton in shipboard control tests were met in 82.5% of all tests. Phytoplankton numbers below the validity criteria occurred predominantly in winter and/or when the water was taken up offshore. For zooplankton the validity criteria were always met. The TSS and POC content in our ballast water uptake samples was frequently much higher than required during IMO BWMS type approval tests so that the current testing requirements do not represent a challenge to BWMS. With this a risk is taken that type approved BWMS fail in water conditions which occur frequently in the real world.
在压载水管理系统 (BWMS) 的型式认可过程中，需要根据国际海事组织 (IMO) 的 BWMS 准则（以前的 G8 指南）进行性能测试。以前的船上测试包括未经处理的压载水对照实验，通过比较处理水和未处理水的测试结果来评估 BWMS 的性能。总结了过去 10 多年在压载水吸入和相应排放过程中进行的 97 次对照水测试的生物和非生物参数的结果。一般来说，在压载舱中观察到生物数量急剧下降，尤其是在持水期的最初几天。IMO 对船上对照测试中摄取水中浮游植物的有效性标准在所有测试中满足了 82.5%。有效性标准以下的浮游植物数量主要出现在冬季和/或在近海取水时。对于浮游动物，有效性标准始终得到满足。我们的压载水吸入样本中的 TSS 和 POC 含量经常远高于 IMO BWMS 型式认可测试要求，因此当前的测试要求对 BWMS 没有构成挑战。这意味着，在现实世界中经常出现的水质条件下，经过型式认可的 BWMS 可能会失效。
