DHI-NTU Research Center and Education Hub, Singapore.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2013 Apr;9(2):192-5. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1394.
To limit the risk associated with invasion of habitats by exogenous species, the International Convention for the Control and Management of the Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments was adopted in February 2004 and may soon enter into force. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has produced guidelines to assess the efficacy and reliability of Ballast Water Treatment Systems (BWTS), but no guidance on how to take temperature into account during test cycles has been provided yet. Temperature is one of the main factors influencing the distribution and ecology of organisms along latitudes. Its increase results in higher grazing, growth, and reproduction rates of zooplankton. Under dark conditions, phytoplankton loss is also increased due to faster natural decay as well as enhanced top down control from zooplankton. Increased temperatures also improve the efficacy of chemical treatment, whereas the decay rates of disinfectants and their byproducts are potentially accelerated. The IMO guidelines for the type approval of BWTS should be amended to include recommendations on how to take temperature into account. Failing to ensure comparability and reliability between tests may pose a threat to the environment and may create problems for those attempting to apply BWTS. We propose to use a fixed Q10 value and a temperature of reference to adjust the retention time in ballast water tanks during testing.
为了限制外来物种入侵栖息地带来的风险，《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》于 2004 年 2 月通过，并可能很快生效。国际海事组织（IMO）已经制定了评估压载水管理系统（BWTS）功效和可靠性的指南，但尚未提供在测试周期中如何考虑温度的指导。温度是影响生物沿纬度分布和生态的主要因素之一。温度升高会导致浮游动物的摄食、生长和繁殖率提高。在黑暗条件下，由于自然衰减加快以及浮游动物的顶级控制增强，浮游植物的损失也会增加。温度升高还会提高化学处理的效果，而消毒剂及其副产物的衰减速率可能会加快。IMO 对 BWTS 型式认可的指南应加以修订，纳入如何考虑温度的建议。如果不能确保测试之间的可比性和可靠性，可能会对环境构成威胁，并可能给那些试图应用 BWTS 的人带来问题。我们建议在测试期间使用固定的 Q10 值和参考温度来调整压载水舱中的保留时间。
