Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Private Office for Maxillofacial Surgery, 91781 Weißenburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 28;22(3):1315. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031315.
Maxillofacial hard tissues have several differences compared to bones of other localizations of the human body. These could be due to the different embryological development of the jaw bones compared to the extracranial skeleton. In particular, the immigration of neuroectodermally differentiated cells of the cranial neural crest (CNC) plays an important role. These cells differ from the mesenchymal structures of the extracranial skeleton. In the ontogenesis of the jaw bones, the development via the intermediate stage of the pharyngeal arches is another special developmental feature. The aim of this review was to illustrate how the development of maxillofacial hard tissues occurs via the cranial neural crest and pharyngeal arches, and what significance this could have for relevant pathologies in maxillofacial surgery, dentistry and orthodontic therapy. The pathogenesis of various growth anomalies and certain syndromes will also be discussed.
颌面硬组织与人体其他部位的骨骼有几个不同之处。这可能是由于颌骨的胚胎发育与颅外骨骼不同。特别是颅神经嵴（CNC）分化的神经外胚层细胞的迁移发挥了重要作用。这些细胞与颅外骨骼的间充质结构不同。在颌骨的发生发育过程中，通过咽弓的中间阶段的发育是另一个特殊的发育特征。本文综述的目的是说明颌面硬组织是如何通过颅神经嵴和咽弓发育的，以及这对颌面外科、牙科和正畸治疗中相关疾病的意义。还将讨论各种生长异常和某些综合征的发病机制。
