Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht & Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Global Geo Health Data Center, University Medical Center Utrecht & Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Int J Health Geogr. 2021 Feb 1;20(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12942-021-00260-6.
In the past two decades, the built environment emerged as a conceptually important determinant of obesity. As a result, an abundance of studies aiming to link environmental characteristics to weight-related outcomes have been published, and multiple reviews have attempted to summarise these studies under different scopes and domains. We set out to summarise the accumulated evidence across domains by conducting a review of systematic reviews on associations between any aspect of the built environment and overweight or obesity.
Seven databases were searched for eligible publications from the year 2000 onwards. We included systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses and pooled analyses of observational studies in the form of cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal cohort, ecological, descriptive, intervention studies and natural experiments. We assessed risk of bias and summarised results structured by built environmental themes such as food environment, physical activity environment, urban-rural disparity, socioeconomic status and air pollution.
From 1850 initial hits, 32 systematic reviews were included, most of which reported equivocal evidence for associations. For food- and physical activity environments, associations were generally very small or absent, although some characteristics within these domains were consistently associated with weight status such as fast-food exposure, urbanisation, land use mix and urban sprawl. Risks of bias were predominantly high.
Thus far, while most studies have not been able to confirm the assumed influence of built environments on weight, there is evidence for some obesogenic environmental characteristics. Registration: This umbrella review was registered on PROSPERO under ID CRD42019135857.
在过去的二十年中，建筑环境已成为肥胖的一个重要概念性决定因素。因此，已经发表了大量旨在将环境特征与与体重相关的结果联系起来的研究，并且已经有多项综述试图在不同的范围和领域下对这些研究进行总结。我们旨在通过综述与超重或肥胖有关的任何建筑环境方面的系统评价，来总结各个领域的累积证据。
从 2000 年开始，我们在七个数据库中搜索了合格的出版物。我们纳入了系统文献综述、荟萃分析和以横断面、病例对照、纵向队列、生态学、描述性、干预研究和自然实验形式进行的观察性研究的汇总分析。我们评估了偏倚风险，并根据建筑环境主题（如食物环境、体育活动环境、城乡差距、社会经济地位和空气污染）对结果进行了总结。
从 1850 个初始结果中，有 32 项系统综述被纳入，其中大多数报告了与关联相关的证据不明确。对于食物和体育活动环境，关联通常非常小或不存在，尽管这些领域中的某些特征（如快餐暴露、城市化、土地利用混合和城市扩张）与体重状况一直存在关联。偏倚风险主要较高。
到目前为止，虽然大多数研究都无法证实建筑环境对体重的假设影响，但有证据表明某些致肥胖的环境特征确实存在。注册：本伞状综述已在 PROSPERO 下登记，ID 为 CRD42019135857。
