Ghaziuddin Neera, Andersen Laura, Ghaziuddin Mohammad
University of Michigan, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2021 Mar;44(1):11-22. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.002.
Catatonia was first described by Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum in 1874, occurring in association with other psychiatric and medical disorders. However, in the nineteenth century the disorder was incorrectly classified as a subtype of schizophrenia. This misclassification persisted until the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 when important changes were incorporated. Although the etiology is unknown, disrupted gamma-aminobutyric acid has been proposed as the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Key symptoms can be identified under 3 clinical domains: motor, speech, and behavioral. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy are the only known effective treatments. Timely recognition and treatment have important outcome, and sometimes lifesaving, implications.
紧张症最初由卡尔·路德维希·卡尔鲍姆于1874年描述，常与其他精神和医学疾病相关联。然而，在19世纪，该疾病被错误地归类为精神分裂症的一种亚型。这种错误分类一直持续到2013年《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版出版，其中纳入了重要的变化。尽管病因不明，但有人提出γ-氨基丁酸紊乱是潜在的病理生理机制。关键症状可在运动、言语和行为这三个临床领域中识别。苯二氮䓬类药物和电休克疗法是仅有的已知有效治疗方法。及时识别和治疗具有重要的预后意义，有时甚至关乎生死。
