Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022 Aug;57(8):1879-1886. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25305. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMDs) represent an important part of pediatric sleep disorders. The most common complaint in SRMD is restless sleep at night. Restless sleep is reported in up to 80% of children with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and children with periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) disorder (PLMD). However, restless sleep causing daytime behavioral consequences can be seen in children without another apparent condition and has recently been identified as a new independent primary pediatric sleep disorder, called restless sleep disorder (RSD). This study describes these three main SRMDs (RSD, RLS, and PLMD), explains the new consensus criteria for RSD, emphasizes the rapidly evolving areas of research in this field, and proposes recommendations for future research. In particular, the published data constitute convincing evidence that sleep-related movements are disruptors of sleep quality and continuity. However, while important advancements have recently been reported in adults, a detailed analysis of the phenomenology and consequences of sleep-related movements has just started in children. New approaches, standardized diagnostic methods, and specific guidelines are needed in the field of pediatric SRMD.
睡眠相关运动障碍（SRMDs）是儿童睡眠障碍的重要组成部分。在 SRMD 中最常见的抱怨是夜间不安宁的睡眠。在不宁腿综合征（RLS）和睡眠周期性肢体运动障碍（PLMD）患儿中，高达 80%的患儿报告有不安宁的睡眠。然而，在没有其他明显疾病的儿童中，也会出现导致日间行为后果的不安宁睡眠，最近已将其确定为一种新的独立的原发性儿科睡眠障碍，称为不安宁睡眠障碍（RSD）。本研究描述了这三种主要的 SRMD（RSD、RLS 和 PLMD），解释了 RSD 的新共识标准，强调了该领域快速发展的研究领域，并提出了未来研究的建议。特别是，已发表的数据提供了令人信服的证据，表明与睡眠相关的运动是睡眠质量和连续性的破坏者。然而，尽管最近在成人中报告了重要的进展，但对与睡眠相关的运动的现象学和后果的详细分析才刚刚在儿童中开始。在儿科 SRMD 领域需要新的方法、标准化的诊断方法和具体的指南。
