Estes Annette, Hillman Arianna, Chen Maida Lynn
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences (Estes) and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine (Chen), University of Washington, Seattle; University of Washington Autism Center (Estes, Hillman); Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Division, Seattle Children's Hospital (Chen).
Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2024 Apr;22(2):162-169. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230028. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
Autism spectrum disorder is associated with a high rate of sleep problems, affecting over 80% of autistic individuals. Sleep problems have pervasive negative effects on health, behavior, mood, and cognition but are underrecognized in autistic children. Problems initiating and maintaining sleep-hallmarks of insomnia-are common. Sleep-disordered breathing and restless legs syndrome have also been described in autism at a higher prevalence than in community populations. The authors describe current research on sleep in autistic children and potential pathophysiologic mechanisms. They describe practical approaches to sleep assessment and synthesize approaches to addressing sleep problems in autistic children.
自闭症谱系障碍与高比例的睡眠问题相关，超过80%的自闭症患者受其影响。睡眠问题对健康、行为、情绪和认知有着普遍的负面影响，但在自闭症儿童中却未得到充分认识。入睡困难和维持睡眠困难——失眠的典型特征——很常见。睡眠呼吸障碍和不宁腿综合征在自闭症患者中的患病率也高于普通人群。作者描述了目前关于自闭症儿童睡眠的研究以及潜在的病理生理机制。他们介绍了睡眠评估的实用方法，并综合了应对自闭症儿童睡眠问题的方法。
