Hogan Sam, Page Andrew, Ogbo Felix, Dixit Sameer, Rajbhandari Rajesh Man, Rawal Bir, Deuba Keshab
Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Feb 2;21(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10331-9.
HIV is a major public health issue around the world, especially in developing countries. Although the overall prevalence of HIV in Nepal is relatively low, there are specific sub-populations where the prevalence is far higher than the national average. One of these sub-groups is male people who inject drugs (male PWIDs). In order to understand the reasons for the differences in prevalence, a series of socio-demographic, behavioural and knowledge-based risk factors need to be assessed.
The study used a series of 7 cross-sectional survey datasets from Pokhara (Nepal), collected between 2003 and 2017 (N = 2235) to investigate trends in HIV prevalence among male PWIDs by socio-demographic and behavioural and knowledge-based risk factors. A series of logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between study factors and HIV.
HIV prevalence decreased from the levels seen in 2003 (22.0%) and 2005 (21.7%), with the lowest prevalence recorded in 2015 (2.6%), however prevalence has increased in the most recent period (4.9%). A lower risk of HIV was associated with younger age (<=24 years compared to > 24 years, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.10-0.31), being married (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.25-3.02) and shorter duration of drug use (<=4 years compared to > 4 years, OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09-0.29). A higher risk of HIV was associated with low (compared to secondary or higher) education level (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.75-4.36), a lack of addiction treatment (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.64-4.08), and recent use of unsterilized injection equipment (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.20-4.11).
The prevalence of HIV in male PWIDs in Pokhara has been variable, but overall has reduced in recent years to 2.6% before increasing in 2017 to 4.9%. The main determinants which increase the risk of HIV among male PWIDs in Pokhara are low education level, a lack of treatment for drug addiction and the recent use of unsterilised equipment. Each of these indicate the need to improve addiction treatment and education programs for intra-venous drug use to aid this key population in avoiding risk-taking behaviours.
艾滋病病毒是全球主要的公共卫生问题，在发展中国家尤为如此。尽管尼泊尔艾滋病病毒的总体流行率相对较低，但在一些特定亚人群中，流行率远高于全国平均水平。其中一个亚组是注射毒品的男性（男性注射吸毒者）。为了了解流行率差异的原因，需要评估一系列社会人口学、行为和基于知识的风险因素。
该研究使用了2003年至2017年期间在尼泊尔博卡拉收集的一系列7个横断面调查数据集（N = 2235），以按社会人口学、行为和基于知识的风险因素调查男性注射吸毒者中艾滋病病毒流行趋势。进行了一系列逻辑回归模型来研究研究因素与艾滋病病毒之间的关联。
艾滋病病毒流行率从2003年（22.0%）和2005年（21.7%）的水平下降，2015年记录的流行率最低（2.6%），然而在最近一段时间流行率有所上升（4.9%）。较低的艾滋病病毒感染风险与较年轻的年龄（<=24岁与>24岁相比，OR = 0.17，95%CI = 0.10 - 0.31）、已婚（OR = 1.91，95%CI = 1.25 - 3.02）以及较短的吸毒持续时间（<=4年与>4年相比，OR = 0.16，95%CI = 0.09 - 0.29）相关。较高的艾滋病病毒感染风险与低教育水平（与中学或更高水平相比，OR = 2.76，95%CI = 1.75 - 4.36）、缺乏成瘾治疗（OR = 2.59，95%CI = 1.64 - 4.08）以及最近使用未消毒的注射设备（OR =
