Nagy-Borsy Emese, Vági Zsolt, Skerlecz Petra, Szeitl Blanka, Kiss István, Rákosy Zsuzsa
Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
TÁRKI Social Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
Arch Public Health. 2021 Feb 2;79(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00534-2.
Homelessness has risen recently in Europe, but there is lack of comprehensive health data on this population. Our aim was to characterize the health of the Hungarian homeless population.
We performed a health survey with 453 homeless individuals. The results were compared to the age and sex standardized data of the general Hungarian population and its lowest income quintile from the European Health Interview Survey 2014. The differences by the ETHOS classification within the homeless population were also studied.
Significantly fewer homeless people reported good health status than in the general population or in its lowest income quintile (p< 0.001). Of the participants 70% had at least one chronic disease, only 41% of them visited a GP and 35% took medication in the previous 12 months. While 59% of the lowest income quintile and 50% of the general population had at least one chronic disease, almost all of them visited a physician and took medication. The highest prevalence of morbidity (80%) and multimorbidity (46%) was reported in the houseless group. The majority of the homeless people were current smokers, the prevalence was much higher than in the two reference populations (p< 0.001). The prevalence of heavy drinkers was the highest among the roofless participants (40%).
Homeless people have much poorer health and they utilize health services less than the most disadvantaged quintile of the general population. There is a clear social gradient within the homeless population, as well, which calls for integrated approaches for specific interventions to improve their health.
欧洲近期无家可归者数量有所增加，但缺乏关于这一人群的全面健康数据。我们的目的是描述匈牙利无家可归者的健康状况。
我们对453名无家可归者进行了健康调查。将结果与2014年欧洲健康访谈调查中匈牙利普通人群及其最低收入五分位数按年龄和性别标准化的数据进行比较。还研究了无家可归者群体中按ETHOS分类的差异。
报告健康状况良好的无家可归者明显少于普通人群或其最低收入五分位数人群（p<0.001）。70%的参与者至少患有一种慢性病，其中只有41%的人在过去12个月里看过全科医生，35%的人服用过药物。而最低收入五分位数人群中有59%、普通人群中有50%至少患有一种慢性病，几乎所有人都看过医生并服用过药物。无家可归群体中发病率（80%）和多种疾病并存率（46%）最高。大多数无家可归者目前吸烟，其患病率远高于两个参照人群（p<0.001）。酗酒者患病率在无家可归者中最高（40%）。
无家可归者的健康状况差得多，他们利用医疗服务的程度低于普通人群中最弱势的五分位数人群。无家可归者群体内部也存在明显的社会梯度，这就需要采取综合方法进行具体干预以改善他们的健康。
