Fujita Yuki, Yamashita Toshihide
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Neuronal Signal. 2021 Jan 22;5(1):NS20200024. doi: 10.1042/NS20200024. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and are important for immune processes. Besides their classical roles in pathological conditions, these cells also dynamically interact with neurons and influence their structure and function in physiological conditions. Recent evidence revealed their role in healthy brain homeostasis, including the regulation of neurogenesis, cell survival, and synapse maturation and elimination, especially in the developing brain. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on microglia in brain development, with a focus on their neuroprotective function. We will also discuss how microglial dysfunction may lead to the impairment of brain function, thereby contributing to disease development.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中的常驻免疫细胞，对免疫过程至关重要。除了在病理状况下的经典作用外，这些细胞在生理状况下也与神经元动态相互作用，并影响其结构和功能。最近的证据揭示了它们在健康脑内稳态中的作用，包括对神经发生、细胞存活以及突触成熟和消除的调节，尤其是在发育中的大脑中。在本综述中，我们总结了关于小胶质细胞在脑发育方面的当前知识状态，重点关注其神经保护功能。我们还将讨论小胶质细胞功能障碍如何导致脑功能受损，进而促成疾病发展。
