Aldroubi Soha, Brun Nicolas, Bou Malham Ibrahim, Mehdi Ahmad
ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
Nanoscale. 2021 Feb 7;13(5):2750-2779. doi: 10.1039/d0nr06871c. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Graphene is an attractive material that is characterized by its exceptional properties (i.e. electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, etc.), which have pushed researchers to attach high interest to its production and functionalization processes to meet applications in different fields (electronics, electromagnetics, composites, sensors, energy storage, etc.). The synthesis (bottom-up) of graphene remains long and laborious, at the same time expensive, and it is limited to the development of this material in low yield. Hence, the use of graphite as a starting material (top-down through exfoliation or oxidation) seems a promising and easy technique for producing a large quantity of graphene or graphene oxide (GO). On the one hand, GO has been extensively studied due to its ease of synthesis, processing and chemical post-functionalization. One the other hand, "pristine" graphene sheets, obtained through exfoliation, are limited in processability but present enhanced electronic properties. Both types of materials have been of great interest to design functional nanomaterials. Ionic liquids (ILs) are task-specific solvents that exhibit tunable physico-chemical properties. ILs have many advantages as compared with conventional solvents, such as high thermal and chemical stability, low volatility, excellent conductivity and inherent polarity. In the last decade, ILs have been widely employed for the preparation and stabilization of various nanomaterials. In particular, the combination of ILs and graphene, including GO and pristine graphene sheets, has been of growing interest for the preparation, processing and functionalization of hybrid nanomaterials. Understanding the structure and properties of the graphene/IL interface has been of considerable interest for a large panel of applications ranging from tribology to energy storage.
石墨烯是一种具有吸引力的材料，其特点是具有卓越的性能（即电学、机械、热学、光学等性能），这促使研究人员高度关注其生产和功能化过程，以满足不同领域（电子、电磁学、复合材料、传感器、能量存储等）的应用需求。石墨烯的合成（自下而上）过程仍然漫长且费力，同时成本高昂，并且产量较低，限制了这种材料的发展。因此，使用石墨作为起始材料（通过剥离或氧化自上而下）似乎是一种有前景且简便的技术，可用于大量生产石墨烯或氧化石墨烯（GO）。一方面，由于氧化石墨烯易于合成、加工和化学后功能化，因此对其进行了广泛研究。另一方面，通过剥离获得的“原始”石墨烯片在可加工性方面存在局限，但具有增强的电子性能。这两种材料对于设计功能纳米材料都具有极大的吸引力。离子液体（ILs）是具有特定任务的溶剂，其物理化学性质可调。与传统溶剂相比，离子液体具有许多优点，例如高热稳定性和化学稳定性、低挥发性、优异的导电性和固有极性。在过去十年中，离子液体已被广泛用于各种纳米材料的制备和稳定化。特别是，离子液体与石墨烯（包括氧化石墨烯和原始石墨烯片）的组合，对于杂化纳米材料的制备、加工和功能化越来越受到关注。了解石墨烯/离子液体界面的结构和性质对于从摩擦学到能量存储等众多应用领域都具有相当大的意义。
