Parviz Dorsa, Strano Michael
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Curr Protoc Chem Biol. 2018 Dec;10(4):e51. doi: 10.1002/cpch.51. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
Due to their two-dimensional structure and unique properties, graphene and its derivatives have been extensively studied for their potential applications in various fields ranging from electronics to composites. Particularly, their high surface area, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, dispersability in aqueous phase, and possibility of surface modification make them promising candidates for biomedical applications including biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell imaging, and therapeutics. The functioning of graphene nanosheets in these applications is dependent on their structure and properties, which are mainly determined by their preparation and processing methods. Exfoliation techniques are the most common methods for preparation of graphene nanosheets for biomedical applications due to their high yield and scalability. Further modification of these methods is necessary to produce biocompatible and toxin-free graphene that can be safely incorporated into biological media. Here, we describe protocols for chemical and mechanical exfoliation of graphite to produce endotoxin-free and highly stable graphene oxide and graphene dispersions. Additional protocols are provided for proper pre- and post-processing of nanosheets and endotoxin measurement techniques. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
由于石墨烯及其衍生物具有二维结构和独特性能，它们在从电子到复合材料等各个领域的潜在应用已得到广泛研究。特别是，它们的高表面积、导电性、机械强度、在水相中的分散性以及表面改性的可能性，使其成为生物医学应用（包括生物传感、药物递送、组织工程、细胞成像和治疗）的有前景的候选材料。石墨烯纳米片在这些应用中的功能取决于其结构和性能，而结构和性能主要由其制备和加工方法决定。剥离技术是用于生物医学应用的石墨烯纳米片制备的最常见方法，因为其产率高且可扩展性强。对这些方法进行进一步改进对于生产可安全掺入生物介质中的生物相容性且无毒素的石墨烯是必要的。在此，我们描述了用于石墨化学和机械剥离以生产无内毒素且高度稳定的氧化石墨烯和石墨烯分散体的方案。还提供了纳米片的适当预处理和后处理以及内毒素测量技术的附加方案。© 2018 约翰威立父子公司版权所有
