Dunbar Michael S, Schuler Megan S, Meadows Sarah O, Engel Charles C
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
RAND Corporation, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
Mil Med. 2022 Mar 28;187(3-4):e387-e393. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usab021.
Prior studies have identified associations between specific health conditions and occupational impairments in the U.S. military, but little is known about the relative magnitude of impairments associated with different mental and physical health conditions among military service members. The goal of this study is to comparatively assess occupational impairment associated with mental and physical conditions among active duty military service members.
Data on 11,055 U.S. active duty service members were from the Department of Defense 2015 Health Related Behaviors Survey, an anonymous online health survey. Items assessed common mental and physical health conditions. Absenteeism was assessed as number of lost work days and presenteeism was assessed as number of work days with impaired functioning in the past 30 days. This research was approved by the RAND Human Subjects Protections Committee.
Back pain (23%) and anxiety (14%) were the most prevalent conditions in the sample. Mental health conditions (anxiety, depression, and PTSD) were associated with more absentee and presentee days than physical conditions. Adjusting for physical health conditions, anxiety, depression, and PTSD showed robust associations with both absenteeism and presenteeism.
Common mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD showed robust associations with absenteeism and presenteeism among active duty U.S. military service members. Efforts to rigorously evaluate and improve existing military screening programs and reduce barriers to accessing and engaging in mental healthcare may help to reduce work absenteeism and presenteeism among active duty service members.
先前的研究已经确定了美国军队中特定健康状况与职业损伤之间的关联，但对于军人中不同心理健康和身体健康状况所导致的损伤的相对严重程度却知之甚少。本研究的目的是比较评估现役军人中与心理和身体状况相关的职业损伤。
关于11,055名美国现役军人的数据来自国防部2015年健康相关行为调查，这是一项匿名的在线健康调查。调查项目评估了常见的心理和身体健康状况。旷工情况通过损失工作日数来评估，出勤但工作效率受损情况通过过去30天中工作效率受损的工作日数来评估。本研究得到了兰德人类受试者保护委员会的批准。
背痛（23%）和焦虑（14%）是样本中最常见的状况。心理健康状况（焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍）比身体状况导致更多的旷工和出勤但工作效率受损天数。在对身体健康状况进行调整后，焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍与旷工和出勤但工作效率受损均呈现出显著关联。
焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍等常见心理健康状况在美国现役军人中与旷工和出勤但工作效率受损呈现出显著关联。严格评估和改进现有军事筛查项目并减少获得和参与心理保健的障碍的努力，可能有助于减少现役军人的旷工和出勤但工作效率受损情况。
