Philp R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2021 Sep;68(1-2):114-127. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12499. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Depression constitutes one of the greatest sources of morbidity and mortality for U.S. adolescents. Latinx are the fastest growing U.S. adolescent population, particularly in rural communities, and suffer from depression at higher rates than other racial/ethnic groups. Informed by community perspectives on adolescent health, we examined factors associated with depression among Latinx early adolescents in an agricultural community. We surveyed 599 predominantly Latinx 8th graders (12 to 15 years old) recruited from middle schools in Salinas, California. Depression was measured cross-sectionally with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8. Exposures included environmental, cultural, and family factors, assessed using validated measures. We used hierarchical logistic regression guided by Garcia Coll's Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children to examine associations between protective factors within each domain and depression. Eighty-six of the 599 youth (14%) scored above the clinical threshold for depression, with higher prevalence among females (19%) than males (10%), p = .001. Environmental (school connectedness and neighborhood social cohesion) and family factors were associated with a lower odds of depression (all p ≤ .01). Social cohesion in neighborhoods and family communication offered similarly strong protective associations with depression. Increased language assimilation was associated with an increased odds of depression (p = .007).
抑郁是导致美国青少年发病率和死亡率的最大原因之一。拉丁裔是美国青少年人口增长最快的群体，尤其是在农村社区，他们的抑郁发病率高于其他种族/族裔群体。本研究基于社区对青少年健康的观点，调查了加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯农业社区中拉丁裔青少年抑郁的相关因素。我们调查了来自萨利纳斯中学的 599 名主要是拉丁裔的 8 年级学生（12 至 15 岁）。使用经过验证的测量方法，通过患者健康问卷-8 来衡量抑郁情况。环境、文化和家庭因素作为暴露因素进行评估。我们使用加西亚·科利（Garcia Coll）儿童发展能力研究模型指导的分层逻辑回归，研究了每个领域内的保护因素与抑郁之间的关系。在 599 名青少年中，有 86 名（14%）的得分高于抑郁的临床阈值，其中女性（19%）的比例高于男性（10%），p=.001。环境（学校联系和邻里社会凝聚力）和家庭因素与抑郁的可能性较低相关（均 p≤.01）。邻里社会凝聚力和家庭沟通提供了类似的保护与抑郁的关联。语言同化程度增加与抑郁的几率增加相关（p=.007）。
