Prospective Evaluation of Free-Breathing Fast T2-Weighted MultiVane XD Sequence at 3-T MRI for Large Airway Assessment in Pediatric Patients.

The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate the technical feasibility of the free-breathing fast T2-weighted MultiVane XD sequence (sequence with non-Cartesian k-space filling using radial rectangular blades) at 3-T MRI for large airway assessment in pediatric patients. Forty consecutive pediatric patients (23 boys and 17 girls; age range, 5-15 years) referred for MRI examination for indications not related to neck, chest, or large airway disorders were enrolled in this prospective research study. All children underwent MRI in three planes using a free-breathing fast T2-weighted MultiVane XD sequence at 3-T MRI. The MR images were assessed by two pediatric radiologists independently for visualization of the large airways at six levels. The quality of the MR images was assessed and graded. Interobserver agreement between two radiologists was assessed using the kappa test, McNemar test, and intraclass correlation coefficients. High-quality MR images of the large airways were obtained in at least one plane in 38 MRI examinations (95.0%) by reviewer 1 and 37 MRI examinations (92.5%) by reviewer 2. Best-quality MR images with the least artifacts were seen in the sagittal plane followed by the coronal plane and the axial plane. The kappa test of agreement showed almost-perfect agreement between the two radiologists for MR image quality in the sagittal (κ = 1), coronal (κ = 0.96), and axial (κ = 0.81) planes. The McNemar test and intraclass correlation coefficients revealed similar results. The free-breathing fast T2-weighted MultiVane XD sequence at 3-T MRI is a technically feasible and promising new MRI technique for evaluating the large airways of pediatric patients in daily clinical practice.