Seliger Barbara, Massa Chiara
Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 1;13(3):551. doi: 10.3390/cancers13030551.
Immune therapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapy represent promising therapeutic options for cancer patients, but their efficacy is still limited, since patients frequently develop innate or acquired resistances to these therapies. Thus, one major goal is to increase the efficiency of immunotherapies by overcoming tumor-induced immune suppression, which then allows for immune-mediated tumor clearance. Innate resistance to immunotherapies could be caused by a low immunogenicity of the tumor itself as well as an immune suppressive microenvironment composed of cellular, physical, or soluble factors leading to escape from immune surveillance and disease progression. So far, a number of strategies causing resistance to immunotherapy have been described in various clinical trials, which broadly overlap with the immunoediting processes of cancers. This review summarizes the novel insights in the development of resistances to immune therapy as well as different approaches that could be employed to overcome them.
免疫疗法，如检查点抑制剂或过继性细胞疗法，是癌症患者有前景的治疗选择，但由于患者经常对这些疗法产生先天性或获得性耐药，其疗效仍然有限。因此，一个主要目标是通过克服肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制来提高免疫疗法的效率，从而实现免疫介导的肿瘤清除。对免疫疗法的先天性耐药可能是由于肿瘤本身免疫原性低以及由细胞、物理或可溶性因子组成的免疫抑制微环境导致肿瘤逃避免疫监视和疾病进展。到目前为止，在各种临床试验中已经描述了许多导致免疫治疗耐药的策略，这些策略与癌症的免疫编辑过程广泛重叠。本综述总结了免疫治疗耐药发展的新见解以及可用于克服这些耐药的不同方法。
