Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Meilahti Triangle Hospital, 6th Floor, PO Box 372, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 1;18(3):1323. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031323.
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide affecting all age groups from children to the elderly. In addition to other factors such as smoking, air pollution and atopy, some environmental chemicals are shown or suspected to increase the risk of asthma, exacerbate asthma symptoms and cause other respiratory symptoms. In this scoping review, we report environmental chemicals, prioritized for investigation in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), which are associated or possibly associated with asthma. The substance groups considered to cause asthma through specific sensitization include: diisocyanates, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and possibly p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA). In epidemiological studies, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate insecticides are associated with asthma, and phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pyrethroid insecticides, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and lead are only potentially associated with asthma. As a conclusion, exposure to PAHs and some pesticides are associated with increased risk of asthma. Diisocyanates and Cr(VI) cause asthma with specific sensitization. For many environmental chemicals, current studies have provided contradicting results in relation to increased risk of asthma. Therefore, more research about exposure to environmental chemicals and risk of asthma is needed.
哮喘是全球最常见的慢性疾病之一，影响所有年龄段的人群，从儿童到老年人。除了吸烟、空气污染和特应性等其他因素外，一些环境化学物质被证明或怀疑会增加哮喘的风险、加重哮喘症状并导致其他呼吸道症状。在本次范围综述中，我们报告了欧洲人体生物监测倡议（HBM4EU）中优先调查的与哮喘相关或可能相关的环境化学物质。被认为通过特异性致敏导致哮喘的物质组包括：二异氰酸酯、六价铬（Cr(VI)）和可能的对苯二胺（p-PDA）。在流行病学研究中，多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机磷杀虫剂与哮喘有关，而邻苯二甲酸酯、全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂、汞、镉、砷和铅仅可能与哮喘有关。总之，接触多环芳烃和某些杀虫剂与哮喘风险增加有关。二异氰酸酯和 Cr(VI) 通过特异性致敏引起哮喘。对于许多环境化学物质，目前的研究结果与哮喘风险增加相关存在矛盾。因此，需要更多关于接触环境化学物质和哮喘风险的研究。
