Instituto de Investigacion en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Materiales, Agua y Energia, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(14):1798-1812. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666210203154024.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that presents great challenges for healthcare systems worldwide, and the identification of alternative therapies for the treatment of this disease is of vital importance. Metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver, and selenium) and metallic oxide (ZnO) have been studied in different areas such as medicine, biotechnology, the environment, and the food industry with promising results. In medicine, current research has revealed these nanoparticles' anti-diabetic properties thanks to the implementation of animal models. This review will address the existing antecedents and the effects of gold, silver, selenium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in diabetes administered alone, functionalized with other molecules, or combined with drugs that have shown promising therapeutic effects. The anti-diabetic effects of these nanoparticles are related to the regulation of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. In addition, oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney markers, the reduction of inflammation, apoptosis of the pancreas, and the restoration of normal liver and kidney histology are also reported in the literature after using these nanoparticles. However, the therapeutic effects that these nanoparticles provide are limited due to the lack of specific protocols dictated by international organizations to evaluate the risks of using these nanoparticles.
糖尿病是一种对全球医疗体系提出巨大挑战的疾病，因此寻找治疗这种疾病的替代疗法至关重要。金属纳米粒子（金、银和硒）和金属氧化物（氧化锌）已在医学、生物技术、环境和食品工业等不同领域进行了研究，取得了有前景的结果。在医学领域，由于动物模型的应用，目前的研究揭示了这些纳米粒子的抗糖尿病特性。本综述将讨论现有的研究背景以及金、银、硒和氧化锌纳米粒子在单独使用、与其他分子功能化或与表现出有希望的治疗效果的药物联合使用时对糖尿病的影响。这些纳米粒子的抗糖尿病作用与葡萄糖、胰岛素和脂质谱的调节有关。此外，文献中还报道了使用这些纳米粒子后，氧化应激标志物、肝和肾标志物、炎症的减少、胰腺细胞凋亡以及肝和肾组织学的恢复正常。然而，由于缺乏国际组织规定的特定评估使用这些纳米粒子的风险的方案，这些纳米粒子提供的治疗效果受到限制。
