Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India.
ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention, Milan, Italy.
Curr Aging Sci. 2021;14(2):94-104. doi: 10.2174/1874609814666210203090458.
Sarcopenia is a commonly prevalent geriatric condition mainly characterized by progressive loss of the skeletal muscle mass that results in noticeably reduced muscle strength and quality. Most of the geriatric population above 60 years of age are overweight, leading to the accumulation of fat in the muscles resulting in abated muscle function. The increased loss of muscle mass is associated with high rates of disability, poor motility, frailty and mortality. The excessive degeneration of muscles is now also being observed in middle-aged people. Therefore, geriatrics has recently started shifting towards the identification of early stages of the disability in order to expand the life span of the patient and reduce physical dependence. Recent findings have indicated that patients with increased physical activity are also affected by sarcopenia, therefore indicating the role of nutritional supplements to enhance muscle health which in turn helps to counteract sarcopenia. Various interventions with physical training have not provided substantial improvements to this disorder, thereby highlighting the crucial role of nutritional supplementation in enhancing muscle mass and strength. Nutritional supplementation has not only been shown to enhance the positive effects of physical interventions but also have a profound impact on the gut microbiome that has come forward as a key regulator of muscle mass and function. This brief review throws light upon the efficiency of nutrients and nutraceutical supplementation by highlighting their ancillary effects in physical interventions as well as improving the gut microbiome status in sarcopenic adults, thereby giving rise to a multimodal intervention for the treatment of sarcopenia.
肌肉减少症是一种常见的老年病，主要特征为骨骼肌质量进行性丧失，导致明显的肌肉力量和质量下降。大多数 60 岁以上的老年人群超重，导致肌肉脂肪堆积，从而减弱肌肉功能。肌肉质量的大量流失与高残疾率、运动能力差、虚弱和死亡率有关。现在也观察到中年人肌肉过度退化。因此，老年医学最近开始转向识别残疾的早期阶段，以延长患者的寿命并减少身体依赖。最近的研究结果表明，增加身体活动的患者也受到肌肉减少症的影响，这表明营养补充剂在增强肌肉健康方面发挥作用，从而有助于对抗肌肉减少症。各种身体训练干预措施并没有对这种疾病有明显的改善，从而突出了营养补充在增强肌肉质量和力量方面的关键作用。营养补充不仅显示出对身体干预的积极影响，而且对肠道微生物组也有深远的影响，肠道微生物组已成为肌肉质量和功能的关键调节剂。本综述强调了营养物质和功能性食品补充剂的功效，突出了它们在身体干预中的辅助作用，以及改善肌肉减少症成年人的肠道微生物组状态，从而为肌肉减少症的治疗提供了一种多模式干预措施。
