Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 Nov 30;9(12):1303. doi: 10.3390/nu9121303.
Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity are the mainstays of primary sarcopenia-physiopathology in older individuals. Gut microbiota composition is strongly dependent on both of these elements, and conversely, can also influence the host physiology by modulating systemic inflammation, anabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy production. The bacterial metabolism of nutrients theoretically influences skeletal muscle cell functionality through producing mediators that drive all of these systemic effects. In this study, we review the scientific literature supporting the concept of the involvement of gut microbiota in primary sarcopenia physiopathology. First, we examine studies associating fecal microbiota alterations with physical frailty, i.e., the loss of muscle performance and normal muscle mass. Then, we consider studies exploring the effects of exercise on gut microbiota composition. Finally, we examine studies demonstrating the possible effects of mediators produced by gut microbiota on skeletal muscle, and intervention studies considering the effects of prebiotic or probiotic administration on muscle function. Even if there is no evidence of a distinct gut microbiota composition in older sarcopenic patients, we conclude that the literature supports the possible presence of a "gut-muscle axis", whereby gut microbiota may act as the mediator of the effects of nutrition on muscle cells.
营养不足和身体活动不足是老年人原发性肌肉减少症的主要发病机制-病理生理学。肠道微生物群组成强烈依赖于这两个因素，反过来，通过调节全身炎症、合成代谢、胰岛素敏感性和能量产生，也可以影响宿主生理学。营养物质的细菌代谢理论上可以通过产生驱动所有这些全身效应的介质来影响骨骼肌细胞的功能。在这项研究中，我们回顾了支持肠道微生物群参与原发性肌肉减少症病理生理学概念的科学文献。首先，我们检查了将粪便微生物群改变与身体虚弱（即肌肉性能和正常肌肉量的丧失）相关联的研究。然后，我们考虑了研究运动对肠道微生物群组成影响的研究。最后，我们检查了证明肠道微生物群产生的介质对骨骼肌可能产生的影响的研究，并研究了考虑益生菌或益生元给药对肌肉功能影响的干预研究。尽管没有证据表明老年肌肉减少症患者存在明显不同的肠道微生物群组成，但我们得出结论，文献支持可能存在“肠道-肌肉轴”，其中肠道微生物群可能作为营养对肌肉细胞影响的介质。
