伊朗 COVID-19 大流行期间抑郁、焦虑和压力及其相关因素的调查。
An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.
机构信息
Department of Health Information Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Feb 3;21(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10329-3.
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging epidemic caused by the new Coronavirus. It has affected more than 200 countries, infected 5,939,234 people, and killed 367,255 in the world until 1 June 2020. While the disease epidemic could affect population mental health, this study aimed to investigate stress, anxiety, and depression during the Corona pandemic in Iran.
METHODS
An online survey was designed using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. The questionnaire was available for all Iranian population from 18 to 28 April 2020. Finally, 1498 participants filled the questionnaire using snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression models.
RESULTS
Findings showed that most participants had experienced a normal level of stress (36.6%), anxiety (57.9%) and depression (47.9%). About 2.5% of respondents report an extremely severe level of stress. This amount of anxiety and depression was 6.3 and 7.9%, respectively. Regression model showed being female (CI: - 1.299; - 0.248), living with a high risk family member (CI: 0.325; 1.400), health status (CI: - 0.857; - 0.595), economic status (CI: - 0.396; - 0.141), social capital (CI: - 0.475; - 0.244), risk of disease (CI: 0.081; 0.729), and following COVID-19 news (CI: 0.111; 0.551) have a relation with stress level. Education level (CI: - 0.252; - 0.017), living with a high risk family member (CI: 0.0301; 1.160), health status (CI: - 0.682; - 0.471), social capital (CI: - 0.236; - 0.048), risk of disease (CI: 0.154; 0.674), and following COVID-19 news (CI: 0.046; 0.401) have a relation with anxiety score. Depression score was in relation with education level (CI: - 0.263; - 0.022), having a high-risk family member (CI: 0.292; 1.155), health status (CI: - 0.687; - 0.476), social capital (CI: - 0.235; - 0.048), risk of disease (CI: 0.144; 0.667), and following Covid-19 news (CI: 0.053; 0.408).
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress are related to COVID-19, such as having a vulnerable person in the family, risk of disease, and following COVID-19 news. The findings suggest the factors that should be taken into consideration for improving population mental health during pandemics.
背景
COVID-19（SARS-CoV-2）是由新型冠状病毒引起的新兴传染病。截至 2020 年 6 月 1 日，该病毒已在全球 200 多个国家传播，感染了 5939234 人，导致 367255 人死亡。虽然疾病流行可能会影响人口的心理健康，但本研究旨在调查伊朗在冠状病毒大流行期间的压力、焦虑和抑郁情况。
方法
使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）问卷调查进行在线调查。从 2020 年 4 月 18 日至 28 日，伊朗所有民众都可以填写问卷。最后，共有 1498 名参与者通过滚雪球抽样的方式填写了问卷。使用多元回归模型对数据进行分析。
结果
研究结果表明，大多数参与者的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平处于正常水平（分别为 36.6%、57.9%和 47.9%）。约 2.5%的受访者报告称自己处于极度严重的压力水平。焦虑和抑郁的比例分别为 6.3%和 7.9%。回归模型显示，女性（CI：-1.299；-0.248）、与高危家庭成员同住（CI：0.325；1.400）、健康状况（CI：-0.857；-0.595）、经济状况（CI：-0.396；-0.141）、社会资本（CI：-0.475；-0.244）、疾病风险（CI：0.081；0.729）和关注 COVID-19 新闻（CI：0.111；0.551）与压力水平有关。教育程度（CI：-0.252；-0.017）、与高危家庭成员同住（CI：0.0301；1.160）、健康状况（CI：-0.682；-0.471）、社会资本（CI：-0.236；-0.048）、疾病风险（CI：0.154；0.674）和关注 COVID-19 新闻（CI：0.046；0.401）与焦虑评分有关。抑郁评分与教育程度（CI：-0.263；-0.022）、有高危家庭成员（CI：0.292；1.155）、健康状况（CI：-0.687；-0.476）、社会资本（CI：-0.235；-0.048）、疾病风险（CI：0.144；0.667）和关注 COVID-19 新闻（CI：0.053；0.408）有关。
结论
与抑郁、焦虑和压力相关的大多数因素都与 COVID-19 有关，例如家庭中有弱势群体、疾病风险和关注 COVID-19 新闻。研究结果表明，在大流行期间，应考虑改善人口心理健康的因素。
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