Tu Xiaoman, Tang Lan, Xie Guangbo, Deng Kejun, Xie Liyuan
School of Life Science and Technology & Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
Mycobiology. 2020 Dec 28;49(1):78-85. doi: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1862473.
Morels ( spp.) are valuable medicinal and edible mushrooms. In this study, chemical profiles of aromas and lipophilic extracts of black morel () grown in China were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, along with the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for the lipophilic extracts. Sixty-five compounds in total were identified from the aromas, and 1-octen-3-ol was the main component for aromas of fresh (34.40%) and freeze-dried (68.61%) black morels, while the most abundant compound for the aroma of the oven-dried sample was 2(5)-furanone (13.95%). From the lipophilic extracts, 29 compounds were identified with linoleic acid as the main compound for fresh (77.37%) and freeze-dried (56.46%) black morels and steroids (92.41%) as the main constituent for an oven-dried sample. All three lipophilic extracts showed moderate antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with the IC values ranging 7.56 ∼ 17.52 mg/mL and 5.75 ∼ 9.73 mg/mL, respectively, and no obvious antimicrobial activity was observed for lipophilic extracts. The drying methods affect the chemical profile of black morel, and freeze-drying was favorable for retaining nutrients and morel smell. This is the first report on the aroma and lipophilic extracts of grown in China.
羊肚菌（羊肚菌属）是珍贵的药食两用蘑菇。在本研究中，采用气相色谱/质谱法分析了中国产黑羊肚菌香气和脂溶性提取物的化学组成，并对脂溶性提取物的抗氧化和抗菌活性进行了评价。从香气中总共鉴定出65种化合物，1-辛烯-3-醇是新鲜（34.40%）和冻干（68.61%）黑羊肚菌香气的主要成分，而烘干样品香气中含量最高的化合物是2(5)-呋喃酮（13.95%）。从脂溶性提取物中鉴定出29种化合物，亚油酸是新鲜（77.37%）和冻干（56.46%）黑羊肚菌的主要化合物，类固醇（92.41%）是烘干样品的主要成分。所有三种脂溶性提取物对2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼和2,2'-偶氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)均表现出中等程度的抗氧化活性，IC值分别为7.56 ∼ 17.52 mg/mL和5.75 ∼ 9.73 mg/mL，脂溶性提取物未观察到明显的抗菌活性。干燥方法影响黑羊肚菌的化学组成，冷冻干燥有利于保留营养成分和羊肚菌气味。这是关于中国产黑羊肚菌香气和脂溶性提取物的首次报道。
