Kang Yalin, Jin Yu, Li Qianxia, Yuan Xianglin
Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Oncol. 2021 Jan 18;10:606300. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606300. eCollection 2020.
Brain metastasis, one of the common complications of lung cancer, is an important cause of death in patients with advanced cancer, despite progress in treatment strategies. Lung cancers with positive driver genes have higher incidence and risk of brain metastases, suggesting that driver events associated with these genes might be biomarkers to detect and prevent disease progression. Common lung cancer driver genes mainly encode receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are important internal signal molecules that interact with external signals. RTKs and their downstream signal pathways are crucial for tumor cell survival, invasion, and colonization in the brain. In addition, new tumor driver genes, which also encode important molecules closely related to the RTK signaling pathway, have been found to be closely related to the brain metastases of lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between lung cancer driver genes and brain metastasis, and summarized the mechanism of driver gene-associated pathways in brain metastasis. By understanding the molecular characteristics during brain metastasis, we can better stratify lung cancer patients and alert those at high risk of brain metastasis, which helps to promote individual therapy for lung cancer.
脑转移是肺癌常见的并发症之一，尽管治疗策略有所进展，但它仍是晚期癌症患者死亡的重要原因。具有阳性驱动基因的肺癌发生脑转移的几率和风险更高，这表明与这些基因相关的驱动事件可能是检测和预防疾病进展的生物标志物。常见的肺癌驱动基因主要编码受体酪氨酸激酶（RTK），它们是与外部信号相互作用的重要内部信号分子。RTK及其下游信号通路对于肿瘤细胞在脑内的存活、侵袭和定植至关重要。此外，已发现同样编码与RTK信号通路密切相关的重要分子的新肿瘤驱动基因与肺癌脑转移密切相关。在本文中，我们综述了肺癌驱动基因与脑转移之间的关系，并总结了驱动基因相关通路在脑转移中的机制。通过了解脑转移过程中的分子特征，我们可以更好地对肺癌患者进行分层，并对有脑转移高风险的患者发出警示，这有助于推动肺癌的个体化治疗。
