Eri Tine S, Berg Marie, Dahl Bente, Gottfreðsdóttir Helga, Sommerseth Eva, Prinds Christina
Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Eur J Midwifery. 2020 Jul 30;4:30. doi: 10.18332/ejm/124110. eCollection 2020.
According to WHO, midwives are found competent to provide evidencebased and normalcy-facilitating maternity care. Models for midwifery care exist, but seem to be lacking explicit epistemological status, mainly focusing on the practical and organizational level of care delivery. To make the values and attitudes of care visible, it is important to implement care models with explicit epistemological status. The aim of this paper is to identify and gain an overview of publications of theoretical models for midwifery care.
A mapping review was conducted with systematic searches in nine databases for studies describing a theoretical model or theory for midwifery care that either did or was intended to impact clinical practice. Eligibility criteria were refined during the selection process.
Six models from six papers originating from different parts of the world were included in the study. The included models were developed using different methodologies and had different philosophical underpinnings and complexity gradients. Some characteristics were common, the most distinctive being the emphasis of the midwife-woman relationship, secondly the focus on woman-centeredness, and thirdly the salutogenic focus in care.
Overall, scarcity exists regarding theoretical models for midwifery care with explicit epistemological status. Further research is needed in order to develop generic theoretical models with an epistemological status to serve as a knowledge base for midwifery healthcare.
据世界卫生组织称，助产士有能力提供基于证据且有助于实现自然分娩的孕产妇护理。助产护理模式是存在的，但似乎缺乏明确的认识论地位，主要侧重于护理提供的实践和组织层面。为了使护理的价值观和态度清晰可见，实施具有明确认识论地位的护理模式很重要。本文的目的是识别并概述助产护理理论模型的相关出版物。
进行了一项映射综述，在九个数据库中进行系统检索，以查找描述助产护理理论模型或理论的研究，这些模型或理论已经或旨在影响临床实践。在筛选过程中对纳入标准进行了细化。
该研究纳入了来自六篇论文的六个模型，这些论文来自世界不同地区。纳入的模型采用了不同的方法，具有不同的哲学基础和复杂程度梯度。一些特征是共有的，最显著的是强调助产士与产妇的关系，其次是以产妇为中心，第三是护理中的健康促进重点。
总体而言，具有明确认识论地位的助产护理理论模型稀缺。需要进一步开展研究，以开发具有认识论地位的通用理论模型，作为助产医疗保健的知识库。
