Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Aug;25(8):4949-4958. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-03804-z. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
Bone substitute (BS) size might influence the clinical outcomes of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of BS size on macrophage (Mφ) and osteoblast behaviors in vitro.
Two different granule sizes (S and M/L) were assessed for four different commercial BSs: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), biphasic calcium phosphate type 1 (BCP1), BCP type 2 (BCP2), and carbonate apatite (COAp). The BSs were compared for their impacts on the cell viability and differentiation potential of THP-1-derived Mφs and human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells.
The smaller granules showed higher material volumes and surface areas than the larger granules. Significantly higher viability of Mφs and Saos-2 cells was observed with the DBBM_L-size granules than with the DBBM_S-size granules. Gene expression experiments in Mφs revealed few differences between the two sizes of each BS, although higher CD206 mRNA levels were observed in the BCP1_L group and the COAp_M group than in the respective S-size groups on day 1. Only DBBM showed significantly higher mRNA levels of osteogenic markers, including Runx2 and osteocalcin, in Saos-2 cells in the S-size group than in the L-size group.
The S-size and L-size DBBM granules exhibited clear differences in cell outcomes: cells cultured on the S-size granules exhibited lower cell viability, higher osteopromotive ability, and no noticeable Mφ polarization changes.
A smaller granule size might be advantageous due to greater bone regeneration potential in the use of DBBM granules to treat defects.
骨替代物（BS）的大小可能会影响引导骨再生（GBR）手术的临床效果。本研究旨在研究 BS 大小对体外巨噬细胞（Mφ）和成骨细胞行为的影响。
评估了两种不同粒径（S 和 M/L）的四种商业 BS：脱蛋白牛骨矿物质（DBBM）、双相磷酸钙 1 型（BCP1）、BCP 2 型（BCP2）和碳酸磷灰石（COAp）。比较了 BS 对 THP-1 衍生的 Mφ和人成骨样 Saos-2 细胞的细胞活力和分化潜能的影响。
较小的颗粒比较大的颗粒具有更高的材料体积和表面积。与 DBBM_S 尺寸颗粒相比，DBBM_L 尺寸颗粒的 Mφ 和 Saos-2 细胞活力明显更高。Mφ 中的基因表达实验表明，两种 BS 的每个尺寸之间的差异很小，尽管在 BCP1_L 组和 COAp_M 组中观察到 CD206 mRNA 水平高于各自的 S 尺寸组在第 1 天。只有 DBBM 在 S 尺寸组中 Saos-2 细胞中的成骨标志物（包括 Runx2 和骨钙素）的 mRNA 水平明显高于 L 尺寸组。
S 尺寸和 L 尺寸的 DBBM 颗粒在细胞结果方面表现出明显的差异：在 S 尺寸颗粒上培养的细胞表现出较低的细胞活力、更高的成骨促进能力，并且没有明显的 Mφ极化变化。
由于 DBBM 颗粒在治疗缺陷方面具有更大的骨再生潜力，较小的颗粒尺寸可能更具优势。
