Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2021 Jun;75(2):182-188. doi: 10.1037/cep0000242. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
One of Katz's significant contributions to the study of figurative language is his work highlighting the importance of familiarity in metaphor processing. In this study, we examined how metaphor and simile comprehension change as a function of familiarity. The Categorization model (Glucksberg, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2003, 7, 92) proposes that metaphor comprehension relies on an automatic process (categorization) regardless of familiarity. By contrast, the Career of Metaphor model (Bowdle & Gentner, Psychological Review, 2005, 112, 193) proposes that as conventionality or familiarity declines, comprehension shifts from categorization to comparison, a controlled, effortful process. Both models assume that similes, regardless of familiarity, are understood through controlled, comparison processes. The present study used a resource depletion manipulation to investigate the processes recruited in metaphor and simile comprehension. Because resource depletion negatively impacts controlled, effortful processes but does not affect automatic processes (Schmeichel et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003, 85, 33), comparing the effects of resource depletion on comprehension of familiar and unfamiliar metaphors and similes may shed light on the comprehension processes (controlled or automatic) being used. Across two experiments, we induced resource depletion using a Stroop task and tested the impact of depletion on metaphor and simile comprehension. Metaphor stimuli were drawn from Katz et al. (Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 1988, 3, 191) normed database; similes were constructed by adding the word like to each metaphor (e.g., love is (like) a flower). For both tropes, resource depletion slowed comprehension of unfamiliar expressions but had no little-or-no impact on highly familiar expressions. Our results suggest that comprehension of both similes and metaphors shifts from automatic to controlled processing as familiarity decreases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
卡茨对比喻语言研究的一个重要贡献是他的工作强调了熟悉度在隐喻处理中的重要性。在这项研究中，我们研究了隐喻和明喻理解如何随着熟悉度的变化而变化。分类模型（Glucksberg，《认知科学趋势》，2003 年，7，92）提出，隐喻理解依赖于自动过程（分类），而与熟悉度无关。相比之下，隐喻生涯模型（Bowdle & Gentner，《心理评论》，2005 年，112，193）提出，随着常规性或熟悉度的降低，理解从分类转变为比较，这是一个受控的、费力的过程。这两个模型都假设，无论熟悉度如何，明喻都是通过受控的、比较的过程来理解的。本研究使用资源枯竭操作来研究隐喻和明喻理解中涉及的过程。由于资源枯竭会对受控的、费力的过程产生负面影响，但不会影响自动过程（Schmeichel 等人，《人格与社会心理学杂志》，2003 年，85，33），因此比较资源枯竭对熟悉和不熟悉的隐喻和明喻理解的影响，可以揭示所使用的理解过程（受控或自动）。在两个实验中，我们使用 Stroop 任务诱导资源枯竭，并测试了枯竭对隐喻和明喻理解的影响。隐喻刺激来自 Katz 等人（《隐喻与象征活动》，1988 年，3，191）的规范数据库；明喻通过在每个隐喻中添加单词 like 来构建（例如，爱就像一朵花）。对于这两种转喻，资源枯竭会减缓不熟悉表达的理解，但对高度熟悉的表达几乎没有影响。我们的结果表明，随着熟悉度的降低，隐喻和明喻的理解都从自动处理转变为受控处理。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
