Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 4;16(2):e0246234. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246234. eCollection 2021.
An unhealthy diet during childhood directly impacts the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) later on in life. However, well-documented information on this issue is lacking. We investigated the dietary quality of young Indonesian children and assessed the relationship to serum adiponectin levels as an early marker of NCDs. Eighty-five (44 girls and 41 boys) Indonesian preschool-age children in East Jakarta were included in this study. Dietary intake data were gathered by collecting repeated 24-hour recalls for one weekday and one day during the weekend, which were then further converted into participants' Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores. Meanwhile, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the serum adiponectin level. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the HEI 2015 score and serum adiponectin, adjusting for potential confounders. The mean HEI 2015 score was 33.2 ± 8.3 points, which was far below the recommended score of ≥ 80 points, while the mean serum adiponectin was 10.3 ± 4.1 μg/mL. Multiple linear regression testing showed that a one-point increase in the HEI 2015 score was significantly associated with an increase in the serum adiponectin level by 0.115 μg/mL after adjusting for exclusive breastfeeding history (β = 0.115; 95% CI = 0.010-0.221; p = 0.032). In conclusion, better adherence of young children to a healthy diet has a positive association with their adiponectin level. This result suggests that strengthening children's dietary quality from an early age by involving all parties in the children's environment (e.g., parents, teachers at school, policymakers) may help to reduce the risk of NCDs later on in childhood and during adult life.
儿童时期不健康的饮食会直接增加日后罹患非传染性疾病（NCD）的风险。然而，目前缺乏对此问题的充分记录。我们研究了印度尼西亚幼儿的饮食质量，并评估了其与血清脂联素水平的关系，血清脂联素是 NCD 的早期标志物之一。本研究纳入了东雅加达 85 名（44 名女孩和 41 名男孩）印度尼西亚学龄前儿童。通过收集工作日和周末各一天的重复 24 小时回忆来收集饮食摄入数据，然后将其进一步转换为参与者的健康饮食指数（HEI）2015 评分。同时，通过酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清脂联素水平。采用多元回归分析评估 HEI 2015 评分与血清脂联素之间的关系，同时调整潜在混杂因素。HEI 2015 评分的平均值为 33.2 ± 8.3 分，远低于≥80 分的推荐评分，而血清脂联素的平均值为 10.3 ± 4.1μg/mL。多元线性回归测试表明，在调整了纯母乳喂养史后，HEI 2015 评分每增加 1 分，血清脂联素水平就会相应增加 0.115μg/mL（β=0.115；95%CI=0.010-0.221；p=0.032）。总之，幼儿更严格地遵循健康饮食与他们的脂联素水平呈正相关。这一结果表明，通过让儿童环境中的所有利益相关者（如父母、学校教师、政策制定者）从早期开始加强儿童的饮食质量，可能有助于降低儿童和成年后罹患 NCD 的风险。
