Cambridge N A
Proc R Soc Med. 1977 Sep;70(9):635-41. doi: 10.1177/003591577707000909.
The Ancients had at their disposal torpedo fish, amber and magnets. It was not until the sixteenth century that ideas on the strange behaviour of amber and magnets were put forward. The eighteenth century saw the application of Newton's theories of matter and the introduction of the electrostatic machine, Galvanism and Volta's battery. In the nineteenth century there was extensive application of electricity in medical practice, with the development of electrocautery apparatus and illuminated cystoscopes, the pioneering of the electrocardiogram and the discovery of X-rays.
古人可以利用电鳐、琥珀和磁石。直到16世纪，关于琥珀和磁石奇怪特性的观点才被提出。18世纪见证了牛顿物质理论的应用以及静电发生器、伽伐尼电流和伏打电池的引入。19世纪，随着电灼器械和照明膀胱镜的发展、心电图的开创以及X射线的发现，电在医学实践中得到了广泛应用。
