Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Environ Res. 2021 Apr;195:110801. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110801. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants that are hepatotoxic and immunotoxic. PAH exposure may modulate hepatitis B immunology.
We used data from 6 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2014) to evaluate the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and hepatitis B serology.
This analysis included individuals who self-reported receiving ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine and urinary PAH metabolites (i.e. 1-napthol, 2-napthol, 3-fluorene, 2-fluorene, 1-phenanthrene, 1-pyrene, and total PAH [sum of all metabolites]). Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between hepatitis B vaccination status (i.e. individuals who were immune due to vaccination or susceptible) and tertiles of urinary PAH. Models were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, survey cycle, family income to poverty ratio, BMI, country of birth, serum cotinine, and urinary creatinine.
Among participants who reported receiving ≥3 doses of vaccine and had no antibodies indicating a history of hepatitis B infection and/or current hepatitis B infection, dose-response relationships were observed where individuals with the lowest odds of serology indicating a response to the hepatitis B vaccine (i.e., anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and HBsAg) were in the highest tertile of 2-Napthol (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.91), 3-Napthol (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.87), 2-Fluorene (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.86), 1-Phenanthrene (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97), 1-Pyrene (aOR): 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.83), and total PAH (aOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95) had the compared to the lowest tertile.
This cross-sectional study supports a hypothesis that PAH exposures experienced by the general US population may modulate hepatitis B vaccine induced immunity. Given the ubiquity of PAH exposures in the US, additional research is warranted to explore the effects of chronic PAH exposures on hepatitis B related humoral immunity.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是具有肝毒性和免疫毒性的环境污染物。PAH 暴露可能会调节乙型肝炎的免疫学。
我们使用了 6 轮全国健康和营养检查调查（2003-2014 年）的数据，评估了尿 PAH 代谢物与乙型肝炎血清学之间的关联。
本分析包括自我报告接受≥3 剂乙型肝炎疫苗和尿 PAH 代谢物（即 1-萘酚、2-萘酚、3-芴、2-芴、1-菲、1-芘和总 PAH[所有代谢物的总和]）的个体。单独的逻辑回归模型评估了乙型肝炎疫苗接种状态（即因接种而具有免疫力或易感性的个体）与尿 PAH 三分位之间的关联。模型调整了年龄、性别、种族/民族、调查周期、家庭收入与贫困比率、BMI、出生地、血清可替宁和尿肌酐。
在报告接受≥3 剂疫苗且无抗体表明乙型肝炎感染史和/或当前乙型肝炎感染的参与者中，观察到剂量反应关系，即对乙型肝炎疫苗有最低反应几率的个体（即抗-HBs、抗-HBc 和 HBsAg）处于 2-萘酚（调整后的优势比[aOR]：0.70，95%置信区间[CI]：0.54，0.91）、3-萘酚（aOR：0.68，95%CI：0.53，0.87）、2-芴（aOR：0.61，95%CI：0.54，0.86）、1-菲（aOR：0.79，95%CI：0.65，0.97）、1-芘（aOR：0.68，95%CI：0.55，0.83）和总 PAH（aOR：0.73，95%CI：0.56，0.95）的三分位最高。
这项横断面研究支持了一种假设，即美国普通人群中经历的 PAH 暴露可能会调节乙型肝炎疫苗诱导的免疫。鉴于美国 PAH 暴露的普遍性，需要进一步研究以探索慢性 PAH 暴露对乙型肝炎相关体液免疫的影响。
