Thiyagaraja Vinodhini, Lücking Robert, Ertz Damien, Karunarathna Samantha C, Wanasinghe Dhanushka N, Lumyong Saisamorn, Hyde Kevin D
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Feb 2;7(2):105. doi: 10.3390/jof7020105.
Ostropales is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order. Ostropales is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales , and Thelenellales. Ostropales is now confined to the family Stictidaceae, which includes a large number of species that are poorly known, since they usually have small fruiting bodies that are rarely collected, and thus, their taxonomy remains partly unresolved. Here, we introduce a new genus to accommodate a novel lineage related to , which is composed of two new species, as well as a new species of , . Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of mitochondrial small subunit spacers (mtSSU), large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence data, together with phenotypic data documented by detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, support the taxonomic affinity of the new taxa in Stictidaceae. Ancestral character state analysis did not resolve the ancestral nutritional status of Stictidaceae with confidence using Bayes traits, but a saprotrophic ancestor was indicated as most likely in a Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) approach. Frequent switching in nutritional modes between lineages suggests that lifestyle transition played an important role in the evolution of this family.
厚顶盘菌目是一个包含地衣化和非地衣化真菌的大类群，有几个谱系表现出可选择的地衣化现象，即同一真菌物种的个体根据基质（树皮或木材）表现出腐生或地衣化的生活方式。极大可变的表型特征和大规模系统发育导致该目的分类界定频繁变化。厚顶盘菌目目前被划分为文字衣目、茶渍目、齿裂菌目、厚顶盘菌目和小盾盘菌目。厚顶盘菌目现在仅包含厚顶盘菌科，该科包括大量鲜为人知的物种，因为它们通常有小的子实体，很少被采集到，因此，它们的分类学仍部分未解决。在此，我们引入一个新属来容纳一个与……相关的新谱系，该谱系由两个新物种以及……的一个新物种组成。对线粒体小亚基间隔区（mtSSU）、大亚基核糖体DNA（LSU）和内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列数据进行的最大似然法和贝叶斯推断分析，以及通过详细形态学和解剖学分析记录的表型数据，支持了厚顶盘菌科新分类群的分类亲缘关系。祖先特征状态分析使用贝叶斯性状无法确定地解决厚顶盘菌科的祖先营养状况，但在贝叶斯二元马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗抽样（MCMC）方法中，腐生祖先被表明是最有可能的。谱系间营养模式的频繁转换表明生活方式转变在该科的进化中起了重要作用。
