Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
ICANalytics Lipidomic, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Sep;60(6):3143-3157. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02502-6. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
The effect of manipulating the fatty acid profile of the diet over generations could affect the susceptibility to develop obesity and metabolic disorders. Although some acute effects were described, the impact of transgenerational continuous supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids on metabolic homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolic flexibility during a nutritional stress is unknown.
We analyzed the effect of an obesogenic diet in mice after transgenerational supplementation with an omega-3 rich oil (mainly EPA) or a control oil. Young F3 animals received a high fat and high sucrose diet for 4 months. Whole-body biometric data were recorded and lipidomic/transcriptomic adaptations were explored in the skeletal muscle.
F3 mice from the lineage supplemented with EPA gained less weight, fat mass, and exhibited better metabolic parameters after the obesogenic diet compared to mice from the control lineage. Transcriptomic exploration of skeletal muscle showed differential regulation of biological processes such as fibrosis, fatty acid catabolism, and inflammation between lineages. These adaptations were associated to subtle lipid remodeling of cellular membranes with an enrichment in phospholipids with omega 3 fatty acid in mice from the EPA lineage.
Transgenerational and continuous intake of EPA could help to reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risks related to an unbalanced diet by the modulation of insulin sensitivity, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis in skeletal muscle.
通过改变几代人的饮食脂肪酸组成，可以影响易患肥胖和代谢紊乱的倾向。虽然描述了一些急性影响，但在营养应激下，连续几代人补充欧米伽 3 脂肪酸对代谢稳态和骨骼肌代谢灵活性的影响尚不清楚。
我们分析了在经过欧米伽 3 丰富的油（主要是 EPA）或对照油连续几代补充后，肥胖饮食对小鼠的影响。年轻的 F3 代动物接受高脂肪和高蔗糖饮食 4 个月。记录全身生物计量数据，并探索骨骼肌中的脂质组学/转录组学适应性。
与对照组相比，补充 EPA 的 F3 代小鼠在接受肥胖饮食后体重、脂肪量增加较少，且代谢参数更好。对骨骼肌的转录组学研究表明，不同的生物过程，如纤维化、脂肪酸分解和炎症，在两个谱系之间存在差异调节。这些适应性与细胞膜的微小脂质重塑有关，EPA 谱系的细胞内磷脂中富含 ω-3 脂肪酸。
通过调节骨骼肌中的胰岛素敏感性、脂肪酸代谢和纤维化，连续几代和持续摄入 EPA 有助于降低与饮食不平衡相关的心血管和代谢风险。
